Partially functional NARROW LEAF1 balances leaf photosynthesis and plant architecture for greater rice yield

Author:

Ouyang Xiang12ORCID,Zhong Xiaoyu13,Chang Shuoqi1,Qian Qian4ORCID,Zhang Yuzhu1,Zhu Xinguang2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center (HHRRC) , Changsha 410125, China

2. National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, China

3. College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University , Changsha 410128, China

4. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310006, China

Abstract

Abstract NARROW LEAF1 (NAL1) is an elite gene in rice (Oryza sativa), given its close connection to leaf photosynthesis, hybrid vigor, and yield-related agronomic traits; however, the underlying mechanism by which this gene affects these traits remains elusive. In this study, we systematically measured leaf photosynthetic parameters, leaf anatomical parameters, architectural parameters, and agronomic traits in indica cultivar 9311, in 9311 with the native NAL1 replaced by the Nipponbare NAL1 (9311-NIL), and in 9311 with the NAL1 fully mutated (9311-nal1). Leaf length, width, and spikelet number gradually increased from lowest to highest in 9311-nal1, 9311, and 9311-NIL. In contrast, the leaf photosynthetic rate on a leaf area basis, leaf thickness, and panicle number gradually decreased from highest to lowest in 9311-nal1, 9311, and 9311-NIL. RNA-seq analysis showed that NAL1 negatively regulates the expression of photosynthesis-related genes; NAL1 also influenced expression of many genes related to phytohormone signaling, as also shown by different leaf contents of 3-Indoleacetic acid, jasmonic acid, Gibberellin A3, and isopentenyladenine among these genotypes. Furthermore, field experiments with different planting densities showed that 9311 had a larger biomass and yield advantage under low planting density compared to either 9311-NIL or 9311-nall. This study shows both direct and indirect effects of NAL1 on leaf photosynthesis; furthermore, we show that a partially functional NAL1 allele helps maintain a balanced leaf photosynthesis and plant architecture for increased biomass and grain yield in the field.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation

Ministry of Science and Technology of China

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Genetics,Physiology

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