1. The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 , Japan
2. The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 , Japan
3. Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
4. The Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
5. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University , Saga , Japan
6. The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan