Multiomics reveals an essential role of long-distance translocation in regulating plant cadmium resistance and grain accumulation in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Author:

Hua Ying-peng1,Chen Jun-fan1,Zhou Ting1,Zhang Tian-yu1,Shen Dan-dan1,Feng Ying-na1,Guan Pan-feng1,Huang Shao-min2,Zhou Zheng-fu3,Huang Jin-yong14,Yue Cai-peng1

Affiliation:

1. School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China

2. Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Zhengzhou 450002 , China

3. Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Zhengzhou 450002 , China

4. School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China

Abstract

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that readily enters cereals, such as wheat, via the roots and is translocated to the shoots and grains, thereby posing high risks to human health. However, the vast and complex genome of allohexaploid wheat makes it challenging to understand Cd resistance and accumulation. In this study, a Cd-resistant cultivar of wheat, ‘ZM1860’, and a Cd-sensitive cultivar, ‘ZM32’, selected from a panel of 442 accessions, exhibited significantly different plant resistance and grain accumulation. We performed an integrated comparative analysis of the morpho-physiological traits, ionomic and phytohormone profiles, genomic variations, transcriptomic landscapes, and gene functionality in order to identify the mechanisms underlying these differences. Under Cd toxicity, ‘ZM1860’ outperformed ‘ZM32’, which showed more severe leaf chlorosis, poorer root architecture, higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and disordered phytohormone homeostasis. Ionomics showed that ‘ZM32’ had a higher root-to-shoot translocation coefficient of Cd and accumulated more Cd in the grains than ‘ZM1860’. Whole-genome re-sequencing (WGS) and transcriptome sequencing identified numerous DNA variants and differentially expressed genes involved in abiotic stress responses and ion transport between the two genotypes. Combined ionomics, transcriptomics, and functional gene analysis identified the plasma membrane-localized heavy metal ATPase TaHMA2b-7A as a crucial Cd exporter regulating long-distance Cd translocation in wheat. WGS- and PCR-based analysis of sequence polymorphisms revealed a 25-bp InDel site in the promoter region of TaHMA2b-7A, and this was probably responsible for the differential expression. Our multiomics approach thus enabled the identification of a core transporter involved in long-distance Cd translocation in wheat, and it may provide an elite genetic resource for improving plant Cd resistance and reducing grain Cd accumulation in wheat and other cereal crops.

Funder

National Key R&D Program of China

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Physiology

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