Differential Transcription Profiling Reveals the MicroRNAs Involved in Alleviating Damage to Photosynthesis under Drought Stress during the Grain Filling Stage in Wheat

Author:

Zhou Ruixiang1,Song Yuhang1,Xue Xinyu1,Xue Ruili1,Jiang Haifang1,Zhou Yi1,Qi Xueli2,Wang Yuexia1

Affiliation:

1. College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 218 Ping’an Avenue, Zhengzhou 450046, China

2. Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Abstract

To explore the possible novel microRNA (miRNA) regulatory pathways in Zhengmai 1860, a newly cultivated drought-tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, miRNA transcriptome sequencing of the flag leaves of Zhengmai 1860, drought-sensitive variety Zhoumai 18, and drought-resistant variety Bainong 207 was performed during the grain filling stage. We also observed changes in the chloroplast ultrastructure, phytohormone levels, and antioxidant- and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators in three wheat varieties. The results showed that the flag leaves of the drought-tolerant variety Zhengmai 1860 had higher chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rates than those of Zhoumai 18 under drought stress during the grain filling stage; in addition, the chloroplast structure was more complete. However, there was no significant difference between Zhengmai 1860 and Bainong 207. MiRNA transcriptome analysis revealed that the differential expression of the miRNAs and mRNAs exhibited variable specificity. The KEGG pathway enrichment results indicated that most of the genes were enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthetic antennae protein, and amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. In the drought-tolerant cultivar Zhengmai 1860, tae-miR408 was targeted to regulate the allene oxide synthase (AOS) gene, inhibit its expression, reduce the AOS content, and decrease the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA). The results of this study suggest that Zhengmai 1860 could improve the photosynthetic performance of flag leaves by inhibiting the expression of genes involved in the JA pathway through miRNAs under drought conditions. Moreover, multiple miRNAs may target chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes, phytohormone signal transduction, and other related pathways; thus, it is possible to provide a more theoretical basis for wheat molecular breeding.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China—Henan Joint Fund

Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province

Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Henan Province

Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System Construction

Publisher

MDPI AG

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