European Society of Cardiology: the 2023 Atlas of Cardiovascular Disease Statistics
Author:
Timmis Adam1ORCID, Aboyans Victor2ORCID, Vardas Panos34ORCID, Townsend Nick5ORCID, Torbica Aleksandra6ORCID, Kavousi Maryam7ORCID, Boriani Giuseppe8ORCID, Huculeci Radu4ORCID, Kazakiewicz Denis4ORCID, Scherr Daniel9ORCID, Karagiannidis Efstratios10ORCID, Cvijic Marta11ORCID, Kapłon-Cieślicka Agnieszka12ORCID, Ignatiuk Barbara13ORCID, Raatikainen Pekka14ORCID, De Smedt Delphine15ORCID, Wood Angela16ORCID, Dudek Dariusz17ORCID, Van Belle Eric18ORCID, Weidinger Franz19ORCID, , Kichou Brahim, Bououdina Yasmina, Hayrapetyan Hamlet, Sisakian Hamayak, Ordyan Marine, Metzer Bernhard, Delle-Karth Georg, Mirzoyev Ulvi, Uzeyir Rahimov, Gabulova Rahima, Gerber Bernhard, Kušljugić Zumreta, Smajić Elnur, Traykov Vassil, Dimitrova Elena, Gencheva Dolina, Yaneva Teodora, Milicic Davor, Heracleous Hera, Nikos Eteokleous, Ostadal Petr, Linhart Aleš, Schmidt Michael Rahbek, Elmet Märt, Kampus Priit, Laine Mika, Kiviniemi Tuomas, Niemelä Matti, Iung Bernard, Leclercq Christophe, Thiele Holger, Bestehorn Kurt, Baldus Stephan, Kochiadakis George, Toutouzas Konstantinos, Kanakakis Ioannis, Becker Dávid, Hrafnkelsdóttir Þórdís Jóna, Skuladottir Helga Margret, McKeown Pascal, Dalton Barbra, Segev Amit, Indolfi Ciro, Filardi Pasquale Perrone, Oliva Fabrizio, Salim Berkinbayev, Mahabbat Bekbossynova, Marat Pashimov, Mirrakhimov Erkin, Abilova Saamay, Kalysov Kurban, Erglis Andrejs, Dzerve Vilnis, Čelutkienė Jelena, Lapinskas Tomas, Banu Cristiana, Xuereb Robert George, Felice Tiziana, Dingli Philip, de Boer Rudolf A, Meeder Joan G, Bosevski Marijan, Kostov Jorgo, Mjølstad Ole Christian, Angel Kristin, Gil Robert, Mitkowski Przemyslaw, Maruszewski Bohdan, Pereira Helder, Ferreira Jorge, Oliveira Eduardo, Popescu Bogdan, Chioncel Ovidiu, Badila Elisabeta, Chukhrukidze Archil, Bajraktari Gani, Ibrahimi Pranvera, Bytyci Ibadete, Popovici Mihai, Foscoli Marina, Zavatta Marco, Stojsic-Milosavljevic Anastazija, Cankovic Milenko, Gonçalvesová Eva, Hlivák Peter, Luknár Milan, Fras Zlatko, Muñiz Javier, Perez-Villacastin Julian, Padial Luis Rodriguez, Oldgren Jonas, Norhammar Anna, Kobza Richard, Carballo David, Schäfer Luisa, Aytekin Vedat, Degertekin Muzaffer, Kovalenko Volodymyr, Nesukay Elena, Greenwood John, Archbold Andrew, Kurbanov Ravshanbek, Srojidinova Nigora, Fozilov Khurshid, Arandelovic Andelija, Boateng Dennis, Momotyuk Ganna
Affiliation:
1. The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London , London E1 4NS , UK 2. Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, and EpiMaCT, Inserm 1098/IRD270, Limoges University , Limoges , France 3. Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens and Hygeia Hospitals Group, HHG , Athens , Greece 4. European Society of Cardiology, European Heart Agency, European Heart Health Institute , Brussels , Belgium 5. Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TZ , UK 6. Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), Bocconi University , Milan , Italy 7. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands 8. Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena , Modena , Italy 9. Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria 10. Second Department of Cardiology, General Hospital ‘Hippokration’, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece 11. Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia 12. 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland 13. Department of Cardiology, Humanitas Gavazzeni University Hospital , Bergamo , Italy 14. Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland 15. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium 16. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK 17. Instytut Kardiologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Collegium Medicum , Kraków , Poland 18. Cardiologie, Institut cœur–poumon, CHU de Lille , Lille , France 19. Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landstrasse Clinic , Vienna , Austria
Abstract
Abstract
This report from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas Project updates and expands upon the 2021 report in presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics for the ESC member countries. This paper examines inequalities in cardiovascular healthcare and outcomes in ESC member countries utilizing mortality and risk factor data from the World Health Organization and the Global Burden of Disease study with additional economic data from the World Bank. Cardiovascular healthcare data were collected by questionnaire circulated to the national cardiac societies of ESC member countries. Statistics pertaining to 2022, or latest available year, are presented. New material in this report includes contemporary estimates of the economic burden of CVD and mortality statistics for a range of CVD phenotypes. CVD accounts for 11% of the EU’s total healthcare expenditure. It remains the most common cause of death in ESC member countries with over 3 million deaths per year. Proportionately more deaths from CVD occur in middle-income compared with high-income countries in both females (53% vs. 34%) and males (46% vs. 30%). Between 1990 and 2021, median age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for CVD decreased by median >50% in high-income ESC member countries but in middle-income countries the median decrease was <12%. These inequalities between middle- and high-income ESC member countries likely reflect heterogeneous exposures to a range of environmental, socioeconomic, and clinical risk factors. The 2023 survey suggests that treatment factors may also contribute with middle-income countries reporting lower rates per million of percutaneous coronary intervention (1355 vs. 2330), transcatheter aortic valve implantation (4.0 vs. 153.4) and pacemaker implantation (147.0 vs. 831.9) compared with high-income countries. The ESC Atlas 2023 report shows continuing inequalities in the epidemiology and management of CVD between middle-income and high-income ESC member countries. These inequalities are exemplified by the changes in CVD ASMRs during the last 30 years. In the high-income ESC member countries, ASMRs have been in steep decline during this period but in the middle-income countries declines have been very small. There is now an important need for targeted action to reduce the burden of CVD, particularly in those countries where the burden is greatest.
Funder
European Society of Cardiology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
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