Lactic acid bacteria decrease Salmonella enterica Javiana virulence and modulate host inflammation during infection of an intestinal epithelial cell line

Author:

Burkholder Kristin M1,Fletcher Dylan H1,Gileau Lauren1,Kandolo Arnold1

Affiliation:

1. University of New England, Department of Biology, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME, USA 04005

Abstract

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica Javiana is a leading cause of severe foodborne Salmonellosis. Despite its emergence as a major foodborne pathogen, little is known of how S. Javiana interacts with intestinal epithelial cells, or of potential methods for ameliorating the bacterial-host interaction. Using cell-based adhesion, invasion and lactate dehydrogenase release assays, we observed an invasive and cytotoxic effect of S. Javiana on intestinal epithelial cells. We assessed the effect of probiotic species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the S. Javiana-host cell interaction, and hypothesized that LAB would reduce S. Javiana infectivity. Salmonella enterica Javiana invasion was significantly impaired in host cells pre-treated with live Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. In addition, pre-exposure of host cells to live L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus and L. casei reduced S. Javiana-induced cytotoxicity, while heat-killed LAB cultures had no effect on S. Javiana invasion or cytotoxicity. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that S. Javiana exposed to L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus exhibited reduced virulence gene expression. Moreover, pre-treating host cells with LAB prior to S. Javiana infection reduced host cell production of inflammatory cytokines. Data suggest a potential protective effect of L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus and L. casei against intestinal epithelial infection and pathogen-induced damage caused by S. Javiana.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,General Medicine,Immunology and Allergy

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