1. Department of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
2. Department of Cardiology, University of Kansas Health System , Kansas City, KS , USA
3. Keele Cardiovascular research group, Keele University , Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire
4. University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
5. Department of Cardiology, University of Leeds , Leeds, West Yorkshire
6. Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili and University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
7. Department of Computer Science, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA
8. Population Health Research Institute , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
9. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada