Cyanidin-3-glucoside as a possible biomarker of anthocyanin-rich berry intake in body fluids of healthy humans: a systematic review of clinical trials

Author:

Sandoval-Ramírez Berner Andrée1,Catalán Úrsula12,Fernández-Castillejo Sara13,Pedret Anna13,Llauradó Elisabet1,Solà Rosa14

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine and Surgery, the Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain

2. Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain

3. Fundació EURECAT—Centre Technològic de Nutrició Salut, Reus, Spain

4. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain

Abstract

Abstract Context Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds found in berries. They exhibit promising health benefits in humans, but no accurate biomarkers of berry intake have been identified thus far. Objective The aim of this systematic review is to propose a biomarker of anthocyanin-rich berry intake in human plasma and urine. Data Sources PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from January 2008 to January 2019. Study Selection Databases were searched for human intervention studies that assessed the presence of anthocyanins in human body fluids using high-throughput techniques. Non-English articles and studies publishing targeted analyses were excluded. Data Extraction Ten clinical trials, in which 203 phenolic compounds were identified, were included and assessed qualitatively. The following criteria were used to identify biomarkers of berry intake: frequency, plausibility, dose-response, time response, robustness, reliability, stability, analytical performance, and reproducibility. Sensitivity and specificity of potential biomarkers were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Of the 203 phenolic compounds identified in human samples, the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside was the molecule found most frequently in urine (58.06%) and plasma (69.49%). Cyanidin-3-glucoside fulfills the essential criterion of plausibility as well as the dose-response, time response, stability, and analytical performance criteria. Its positive predictive value is 74% (P = 0.210) in plasma, which is acceptable, and 61.7% (P = 0.402) in urine. Conclusions Current evidence suggests that cyanidin-3-glucoside is a potential biomarker of anthocyanin-rich berry intake in plasma and urine of healthy humans. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018096796.

Funder

AppleCOR

Ministerio de Economía

Indústria y Competitividad

Agencia Estatal de Investigación

European Regional Development Fund

NFOC-Salut

Generalitat de Catalunya

European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program

Marie Skłodowska-Curie

Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Fundació Catalunya-La Pedrera

Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut

Subprograma Estatal de Incorporación

Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica Técnica y de Innovación

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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