Medium-chain fatty acids for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author:

Castro Carolina B12ORCID,Dias Cintia B3ORCID,Hillebrandt Heidi3,Sohrabi Hamid R12,Chatterjee Pratishtha3,Shah Tejal M32,Fuller Stephanie J3,Garg Manohar L4,Martins Ralph N325

Affiliation:

1. Murdoch University Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia

2. Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation , Perth, Western Australia, Australia

3. Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

4. Nutraceuticals Research Program, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

5. School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowen University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Abstract

Abstract Context In preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the brain gradually becomes insulin resistant. As a result, brain glucose utilization is compromised, causing a cellular energy deficit that leads to the accumulation of free radicals, which increases inflammation and damages neurons. When glucose utilization is impaired, ketone bodies offer an alternative energy source. Ketone bodies are synthesized from fats, obtained from either the diet or adipose tissue. Dietary medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are preferentially metabolized into ketone bodies, have the potential to supply the insulin-resistant brain with energy. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review the effect of MCFA supplements on circulating ketone bodies and cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and AD. Data Sources A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed on August 12, 2019, to retrieve all publications meeting the inclusion criteria. Alerts were then set to identify any publications after the search date up until January 31, 2021. Data Extraction Data were extracted by 2 authors and assessed by a third. In total, 410 publications were identified, of which 16 (n = 17 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Data Analysis All studies assessing change in levels of blood ketone bodies due to MCFA supplementation (n = 12) reported a significant increase. Cognition outcomes (measured in 13 studies), however, varied, ranging from no improvement (n = 4 studies) to improvement (n = 8 studies) or improvement only in apolipoprotein E allele 4 (APOE ε4) noncarriers (n = 2 studies). One study reported an increase in regional cerebral blood flow in APOE ε4 noncarriers and another reported an increase in energy metabolism in the brain. Conclusion MCFA supplementation increases circulating ketone body levels, resulting in increased brain energy metabolism. Further research is required to determine whether this MCFA-mediated increase in brain energy metabolism improves cognition. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42019146967.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3