Plant ammonium sensitivity is associated with external pH adaptation, repertoire of nitrogen transporters, and nitrogen requirement

Author:

Rivero-Marcos Mikel1ORCID,Lasa Berta1ORCID,Neves Tomé23ORCID,Zamarreño Ángel M4ORCID,García-Mina José M4,García-Olaverri Carmen5ORCID,Aparicio-Tejo Pedro M1ORCID,Cruz Cristina6ORCID,Ariz Idoia1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. lnstitute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Sciences Department, Public University of Navarre (UPNA) , Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona , Spain

2. CESAM—Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal

3. CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon , Portugal

4. Environmental Biology Department, University of Navarra , 31009 Pamplona , Spain

5. Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics (INARBE), Statistics, Informatics and Mathematics Department, Public University of Navarre (UPNA) , Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona , Spain

6. cE3c—Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande Bloco C-2, 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal

Abstract

Abstract Modern crops exhibit diverse sensitivities to ammonium as the primary nitrogen source, influenced by environmental factors such as external pH and nutrient availability. Despite its significance, there is currently no systematic classification of plant species based on their ammonium sensitivity. We conducted a meta-analysis of 50 plant species and present a new classification method based on the comparison of fresh biomass obtained under ammonium and nitrate nutrition. The classification uses the natural logarithm of the biomass ratio as the size effect indicator of ammonium sensitivity. This numerical parameter is associated with critical factors for nitrogen demand and form preference, such as Ellenberg indicators and the repertoire of nitrogen transporters for ammonium and nitrate uptake. Finally, a comparative analysis of the developmental and metabolic responses, including hormonal balance, is conducted in two species with divergent ammonium sensitivity values in the classification. Results indicate that nitrate has a key role in counteracting ammonium toxicity in species with a higher abundance of genes encoding NRT2-type proteins and fewer of those encoding the AMT2-type proteins. Additionally, the study demonstrates the reliability of the phytohormone balance and methylglyoxal content as indicators for anticipating ammonium toxicity.

Funder

European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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