Laboratory study on the fullerene–PAH-derived cluster cations in the gas phase

Author:

Zhen Junfeng12,Zhang Weiwei3,Yang Yuanyuan124,Zhu Qingfeng12

Affiliation:

1. CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

3. Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

4. CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Abstract

ABSTRACT It is possible that fullerene–polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) clusters or associations of fullerenes with PAHs contain a large fraction of interstellar fullerenes in the interstellar medium. Herein, we report the formation and photofragmentation behaviour of fullerene–PAH derivatives, fullerene/9-vinylanthracene (C16H12) and fullerene/9-methylanthracene (C15H12) cluster cations. Experiments are carried out using a quadrupole ion trap in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the gas phase. The results show that fullerene (C60)/9-vinylanthracene (e.g. [(C16H12)3C60]+), fullerene (C56 and C58)/9-vinylanthracene (e.g. [(C16H12)4C56]+ and [(C16H12)4C58]+), fullerene (C60)/9-methylanthracene (e.g. [(C15H12)3C60]+), and fullerene (C56 and C58)/9-methylanthracene (e.g. [(C15H12)4C56]+ and [(C15H12)4C58]+) cluster cations, i.e. large fullerene-derived molecules, are formed in the gas phase through the ion–molecule reaction pathway. With irradiation, all fullerene–PAH-derived cluster cations lose their monomolecular groups without other fragmentation channels (e.g. dehydrogenation). The structure of newly formed fullerene–PAH-derived cluster cations and the bond energy for these adduction formation pathways are investigated with theoretical calculations. The obtained results provide a general molecular growth route towards large fullerene–PAH derivatives (e.g. large fullerene-derived molecules) with functional PAHs in a bottom-up formation process and insights into the effect of functional groups (e.g. vinyl, –C2H3, and methyl, –CH3) on their formation and photoevolution behaviours. In addition, the fullerene–PAH-derived clusters (from 83 to 170 atoms in total, or ∼2 nm in size) offer a good model of carbon dust grains, and the relevance to the nanometre-sized carbon dust grain in space is briefly discussed.

Funder

National Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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