The X-rays wind connection in PG 2112+059

Author:

Saez C1ORCID,Brandt W N2,Bauer F E345,Chartas G6,Misawa T7,Hamann F8,Gallagher S C9

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile

2. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA

3. Facultad de Física, Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astroingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile

4. Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, Chile

5. Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA

6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA

7. School of General Education, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan

8. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA

9. Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada

Abstract

ABSTRACT We study the connection between the X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) properties of the broad absorption line (BAL) wind in the highly X-ray variable quasar PG 2112+059 by comparing Chandra-ACIS data with contemporaneous UV HST/STIS spectra in three different epochs. We observe a correlation whereby an increase in the equivalent widths (EWs) of the BALs is accompanied by a redder UV spectrum. The growth in the BAL EWs is also accompanied by a significant dimming in soft X-ray emission (${\lesssim}2 \, \text{keV}$), consistent with increased absorption. Variations in the hard X-ray emission (${\gtrsim}2\, \text{keV}$) are only accompanied by minor spectral variations of the UV-BALs and do not show significant changes in the EW of BALs. These trends suggest a wind-shield scenario where the outflow inclination with respect to the line of sight is decreasing and/or the wind mass is increasing. These changes elevate the covering fraction and/or column densities of the BALs and are likely accompanied by a nearly contemporaneous increase in the column density of the shield.

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

CATA

FONDECYT

JSPS

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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