A JWST investigation into the bar fraction at redshifts 1 ≤ z ≤ 3

Author:

Le Conte Zoe A1,Gadotti Dimitri A1ORCID,Ferreira Leonardo2ORCID,Conselice Christopher J3,de Sá-Freitas Camila4ORCID,Kim Taehyun5,Neumann Justus6ORCID,Fragkoudi Francesca7,Athanassoula E8,Adams Nathan J3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK

2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria , Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 1A1 , Canada

3. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL , UK

4. European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei Muenchen , Germany

5. Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566 , Republic of Korea

6. Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg , Germany

7. Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK

8. Aix Marseille Université, CNES LAM, CNRS, , 13388 Marseille Cedex 13 , France

Abstract

ABSTRACT The presence of a stellar bar in a disc galaxy indicates that the galaxy hosts in its main part a dynamically settled disc and that bar-driven processes are taking place in shaping its evolution. Studying the cosmic evolution of the bar fraction in disc galaxies is therefore essential to understand galaxy evolution in general. Previous studies have found, using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), that the bar fraction significantly declines from the local Universe to redshifts near one. Using the first four pointings from the JWST Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey and the initial public observations for the Public Release Imaging for Extragalactic Research, we extend the studies of the bar fraction in disc galaxies to redshifts 1 ≤ $z$ ≤ 3, that is, for the first time beyond redshift two. We only use galaxies that are also present in the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey on the Extended Groth Strip and Ultra Deep Survey HST observations. An optimized sample of 368 close-to-face-on galaxies is visually classified to find the fraction of bars in disc galaxies in two redshift bins: 1 ≤ $z$ ≤ 2 and 2 < $z$ ≤ 3. The bar fraction decreases from $\approx 17.8^{+ 5.1}_{- 4.8}$ per cent to $\approx 13.8^{+ 6.5}_{- 5.8}$ per cent (from the lower to the higher redshift bin), but is about twice the bar fraction found using bluer HST filters. Our results show that bar-driven evolution might commence at early cosmic times and that dynamically settled discs are already present at a lookback time of ∼11 Gyr.

Funder

Science and Technology Facilities Council

National Research Foundation

Ministry of Education

MSIT

European Research Council

European Union

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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