Exploring short-term optical variability of blazars using TESS

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present a first systematic time series study of a sample of blazars observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). By cross matching the positions of the sources in the TESS observations with those from Roma-BZCAT, 29 blazars including both BL Lacerate objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars were identified. The observation lengths of the 79 light curves of the sources, across all sectors on which the targets of interest have been observed by TESS, range between 21.25 and 28.2 d. The light curves were analysed using various methods of time series analysis. The results show that the sources exhibit significant variability with fractional variability spanning between 1.41 per cent and 53.84 per cent. The blazar flux distributions were studied by applying normal and log-normal probability density function models. The results indicate that optical flux histogram of the sources are consistent with normal probability density function with most of them following bimodal distribution as opposed to unimodal distribution. This suggests that the days-time-scale optical variability is contributed either by two different emission zones or two distinct states of short-term activity in blazars. Power spectral density analysis was performed by using the power spectral response method and the true power spectra of unevenly sampled light curves were estimated. The power spectral slopes of the light curves ranged from 1.7 to 3.2.