SPARCS-North Wide-field VLBI Survey: exploring the resolved μJy extragalactic radio source population with EVN + e-MERLIN

Author:

Njeri Ann12ORCID,Beswick Robert J1,Radcliffe Jack F134ORCID,Thomson A P1,Wrigley N5ORCID,Muxlow T W B1,Garrett M A1,Deane Roger P26ORCID,Moldon Javier7,Norris Ray P89ORCID,Kothes Roland10

Affiliation:

1. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

2. School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK

3. Department of Physics, University of Pretoria , Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0083, South Africa

4. National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS) , 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa

5. Jodrell Bank Observatory , Lower Withington, Bomish Ln, Macclesfield SK11 9DW, UK

6. Wits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand , Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa

7. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA , CSIC), Glorieta de las Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain

8. Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia

9. CSIRO Space and Astronomy, Australia Telescope National Facility , PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia

10. Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory , 1 Observatory Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada

Abstract

ABSTRACT The SKA PAthfinder Radio Continuum Surveys (SPARCS) are providing deep-field imaging of the faint (sub-mJy) extragalactic radio source populations through a series of reference surveys. One of the key science goals for SPARCS is to characterize the relative contribution of radio emission associated with active galactic nucleus (AGN) from star formation (SF) in these faint radio source populations, using a combination of high sensitivity and high angular resolution imaging over a range of spatial scales (arcsec to mas). To isolate AGN contribution from SF, we hypothesize that there exists a brightness temperature cut-off point separating pure AGN from SF. We present a multiresolution (10–100 mas) view of the transition between compact AGN and diffuse SF through a deep wide-field EVN + e-MERLIN, multiple phase centre survey of the centre of the Northern SPARCS (SLOAN) reference field at 1.6 GHz. This is the first (and only) VLBI (+ e-MERLIN) milliarcsecond angular resolution observation of this field, and of the wider SPARCS reference field programme. Using these high spatial resolution (9 pc–0.3 kpc at z ∼ 1.25) data, 11 milliarcsec-scale sources are detected from a targeted sample of 52 known radio sources from previous observations with the e-MERLIN, giving a VLBI detection fraction of $\sim 21{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. At spatial scales of $\sim 9\,$pc, these sources show little to no jet structure whilst at $\sim 0.3\,$kpc one-sided and two-sided radio jets begin to emerge on the same sources, indicating a possible transition from pure AGN emissions to AGN and SF systems.

Funder

STFC

Horizon 2020

MCIU

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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