The first X-ray polarimetric observation of the black hole binary LMC X-1-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The first X-ray polarimetric observation of the black hole binary LMC X-1

Published:2023-10-12 Issue:4 Volume:526 Page:5964-5975
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Podgorný J¹²³,Marra L⁴,Muleri F⁵,Rodriguez Cavero N⁶,Ratheesh A⁵,Dovčiak M²,Mikušincová R⁴,Brigitte M²,Steiner J F⁷,Veledina A⁸⁹,Bianchi S⁴,Krawczynski H⁶,Svoboda J²,Kaaret P¹⁰,Matt G⁴,García J A¹¹,Petrucci P-O¹²,Lutovinov A¹³,Semena A¹³,Di Marco A⁵,Negro M¹⁴¹⁵,Weisskopf M C¹⁰,Ingram A¹⁶,Poutanen J⁸,Beheshtipour B⁶,Chun S⁶,Hu K⁶,Mizuno T¹⁷,Sixuan Z¹⁷,Tombesi F¹⁴¹⁸¹⁹,Zane S²⁰,Agudo I²¹,Antonelli L A²²²³,Bachetti M²⁴,Baldini L²⁵²⁶,Baumgartner W H¹⁰,Bellazzini R²⁵,Bongiorno S D¹⁰,Bonino R²⁷²⁸,Brez A²⁵,Bucciantini N²⁹³⁰³¹,Capitanio F⁵,Castellano S²⁵,Cavazzuti E³²,Chen C³³,Ciprini S¹⁹²³,Costa E⁵,De Rosa A⁵,Del Monte E⁵,Di Gesu L³²,Di Lalla N³⁴,Donnarumma I³²,Doroshenko V³⁵,Ehlert S R¹⁰,Enoto T³⁶,Evangelista Y⁵,Fabiani S⁵,Ferrazzoli R⁵,Gunji S³⁷,Hayashida K³⁸,Heyl J³⁹,Iwakiri W⁴⁰,Jorstad S G⁴¹⁴²,Karas V²,Kislat F⁴³,Kitaguchi T³⁶,Kolodziejczak J J¹⁰,La Monaca F⁵,Latronico L²⁷,Liodakis I⁴⁴,Maldera S²⁷,Manfreda A⁴⁵,Marin F¹,Marinucci A³²,Marscher A P⁴¹,Marshall H L⁴⁶,Massaro F²⁷²⁸,Mitsuishi I⁴⁷,Ng C-Y⁴⁸,O’Dell S L¹⁰,Omodei N³⁴,Oppedisano C²⁷,Papitto A²²,Pavlov G G⁴⁹,Peirson A L³⁴,Perri M²²²³,Pesce-Rollins M²⁵,Pilia M²⁴,Possenti A²⁴,Puccetti S²³,Ramsey B D¹⁰,Rankin J⁵,Roberts O J³³,Romani R W³⁴,Sgrò C²⁵,Slane P⁷,Soffitta P⁵,Spandre G²⁵,Swartz D A³³,Tamagawa T³⁶,Tavecchio F⁵⁰,Taverna R⁵¹,Tawara Y⁴⁷,Tennant A F¹⁰,Thomas N E¹⁰,Trois A²⁴,Tsygankov S S⁸,Turolla R²⁰⁵¹,Vink J⁵²,Wu K²⁰,Xie F⁵⁵³

Affiliation:

1. Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France

2. Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Boční II 1401/1, CZ-14100 Praha 4 , Czech Republic

3. Astronomical Institute, Charles University , V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000 Prague , Czech Republic

4. Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre , Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Roma , Italy

5. INAF – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma , Italy

6. Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St Louis , St Louis, MO 63130 , USA

7. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

8. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland

9. Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University , Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden

10. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812 , USA

11. California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

12. Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG , F-38000 Grenoble , France

13. Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Profsoyuznaya Str 84/32, Moscow 117997 , Russia

14. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742 , USA

15. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC , Greenbelt, MD 20771 , USA

16. School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , UK

17. Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1- 3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan

18. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’ , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma , Italy

19. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’ , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma , Italy

20. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT , UK

21. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n , E-18008 Granada , Spain

22. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM) , Italy

23. Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma , Italy

24. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius (CA) , Italy

25. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa , Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa , Italy

26. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa , Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa , Italy

27. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino , Italy

28. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino , Italy

29. INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze , Italy

30. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) , Italy

31. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze , Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) , Italy

32. ASI – Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma , Italy

33. Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805 , USA

34. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305 , USA

35. Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen , Germany

36. RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan

37. Yamagata University , 1-4-12 Kojirakawamachi, Yamagatashi 990-8560 , Japan

38. Osaka University , 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan

39. University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 , Canada

40. International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522 , Japan

41. Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 , USA

42. Department of Astrophysics, St Petersburg State University , Universitetsky pr. 28, Petrodvoretz, 198504 St Petersburg , Russia

43. Department of Physics and Astronomy and Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire , Durham, NH 03824 , USA

44. Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland

45. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli , Strada Comunale Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli , Italy

46. MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

47. Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Furocho, Chikusaku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 , Japan

48. Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong

49. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802 , USA

50. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC) , Italy

51. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova , Italy

52. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam , the Netherlands

53. Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report on an X-ray polarimetric observation of the high-mass X-ray binary LMC X-1 in the high/soft state, obtained by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) in 2022 October. The measured polarization is below the minimum detectable polarization of 1.1 per cent (at the 99 per cent confidence level). Simultaneously, the source was observed with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), and Spectrum-Rontgen-Gamma (SRG)/Astronomical Roentgen Telescope – X-ray Concentrator (ART-XC) instruments, which enabled spectral decomposition into a dominant thermal component and a Comptonized one. The low 2–8 keV polarization of the source did not allow for strong constraints on the black hole spin and inclination of the accretion disc. However, if the orbital inclination of about 36° is assumed, then the upper limit is consistent with predictions for pure thermal emission from geometrically thin and optically thick discs. Assuming the polarization degree of the Comptonization component to be 0, 4, or 10 per cent, and oriented perpendicular to the polarization of the disc emission (in turn assumed to be perpendicular to the large-scale ionization cone orientation detected in the optical band), an upper limit to the polarization of the disc emission of 1.0, 0.9, or 0.9 per cent, respectively, is found (at the 99 per cent confidence level).

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Marshall Space Flight Center

Italian Space Agency

Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica

GACR

Academy of Finland

NASA

CNRS

Royal Society

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)