The ALMA REBELS Survey: discovery of a massive, highly star-forming, and morphologically complex ULIRG at <i>z</i> = 7.31-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The ALMA REBELS Survey: discovery of a massive, highly star-forming, and morphologically complex ULIRG at z = 7.31

Published:2023-05-09 Issue:2 Volume:524 Page:1775-1795
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Hygate A P S¹^ORCID,Hodge J A¹^ORCID,da Cunha E²³^ORCID,Rybak M⁴¹^ORCID,Schouws S¹^ORCID,Inami H⁵^ORCID,Stefanon M¹⁶^ORCID,Graziani L⁷⁸^ORCID,Schneider R⁷⁹¹⁰¹¹^ORCID,Dayal P¹²^ORCID,Bouwens R J¹^ORCID,Smit R¹³^ORCID,Bowler R A A¹⁴^ORCID,Endsley R¹⁵^ORCID,Gonzalez V¹⁶¹⁷^ORCID,Oesch P A¹⁸¹⁹^ORCID,Stark D P¹⁵^ORCID,Algera H S B⁵²⁰^ORCID,Aravena M²¹^ORCID,Barrufet L¹⁸^ORCID,Ferrara A²²^ORCID,Fudamoto Y²³²⁰^ORCID,Hilhorst J H A¹^ORCID,De Looze I²⁴²⁵^ORCID,Nanayakkara T²⁶^ORCID,Pallottini A²²^ORCID,Riechers D A²⁷^ORCID,Sommovigo L²²^ORCID,Topping M W¹⁵^ORCID,van der Werf P¹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands

2. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009 , Australia

3. ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia

4. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology , Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft , the Netherlands

5. Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan

6. Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València , C. Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València , Spain

7. Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza, Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma , Italy

8. INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze , Italy

9. Sapienza School for Advanced Studies , Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma Italy

10. INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma , Italy

11. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Roma Italy

12. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , NL-9700 AV Groningen , the Netherlands

13. Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF , UK

14. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK

15. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA

16. Departmento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile , Casilla 36-D, Santiago 7591245 , Chile

17. Centro de Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines (CATA) , Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago 7591245 , Chile

18. Observatoire de Genève , CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland

19. Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 København N , Denmark

20. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 , Japan

21. Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Nucleo de Astronomia, Universidad Diego Portales , Av. Ejercito 441, Santiago , Chile

22. Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-50126 Pisa , Italy

23. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan

24. Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281-S9, B-9000 Gent , Belgium

25. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK

26. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3112 , Australia

27. I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, D-50937 Köln , Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) [C ii] and ∼158 $\rm \mu m$ continuum observations of REBELS-25, a massive, morphologically complex ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG; LIR = $1.5^{+0.8}_{-0.5} \times 10^{12}$ L⊙) at z = 7.31, spectroscopically confirmed by the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS) ALMA Large Programme. REBELS-25 has a significant stellar mass of $M_{*} = \mbox{$ 8^{+4}_{-2} \times 10^{9} $}{} ~\mbox{M$_\odot $}{}$. From dust-continuum and ultraviolet observations, we determine a total obscured + unobscured star formation rate of SFR $= \mbox{$199^{+101}_{-63}$}{} ~ \mbox{M$_\odot $}~ \mbox{${\rm yr}$}^{-1}$. This is about four times the SFR estimated from an extrapolated main sequence. We also infer a [C ii]-based molecular gas mass of $M_{{\rm H}_{2}} = \mbox{$5.1^{+5.1}_{-2.6} \times 10^{10}$}{} ~\mbox{M$_\odot $}{}$, implying a molecular gas depletion time of $t_{\rm depl, {\rm H}_{2}} = \mbox{$0.3^{+0.3}_{-0.2} $}{}$ Gyr. We observe a [C ii] velocity gradient consistent with disc rotation, but given the current resolution we cannot rule out a more complex velocity structure such as a merger. The spectrum exhibits excess [C ii] emission at large positive velocities (∼500 km s−1), which we interpret as either a merging companion or an outflow. In the outflow scenario, we derive a lower limit of the mass outflow rate of 200 $\mbox{M$_\odot $}~ \mbox{${\rm yr}$}^{-1}$, which is consistent with expectations for a star-formation-driven outflow. Given its large stellar mass, SFR, and molecular gas reservoir ∼700 Myr after the big bang, we explore the future evolution of REBELS-25. Considering a simple, conservative model assuming an exponentially declining star formation history, constant star formation efficiency, and no additional gas inflow, we find that REBELS-25 has the potential to evolve into a galaxy consistent with the properties of high-mass quiescent galaxies recently observed at z ∼ 4.

Funder

Australian Research Council

NWO

NAOJ

JSPS

STFC

NASA

FONDECYT

European Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject