The ALMA REBELS survey: the dust-obscured cosmic star formation rate density at redshift 7

Author:

Algera Hiddo S B12,Inami Hanae1ORCID,Oesch Pascal A34,Sommovigo Laura5ORCID,Bouwens Rychard J6,Topping Michael W7,Schouws Sander6,Stefanon Mauro68ORCID,Stark Daniel P7,Aravena Manuel9,Barrufet Laia3ORCID,da Cunha Elisabete10,Dayal Pratika11ORCID,Endsley Ryan7ORCID,Ferrara Andrea5,Fudamoto Yoshinobu122,Gonzalez Valentino13,Graziani Luca1415ORCID,Hodge Jacqueline A6,Hygate Alexander P S6ORCID,de Looze Ilse1617,Nanayakkara Themiya18ORCID,Schneider Raffaella1415ORCID,van der Werf Paul P6

Affiliation:

1. Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan

2. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan

3. Observatoire de Genéve , CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

4. Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, Denmark

5. Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy

6. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

7. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

8. Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofìsica, Universitat de València , C. Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain

9. Nucleo de Astronomia, Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales , Av. Ejercito 441, Santiago, Chile

10. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 26WA 6009, Australia

11. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands

12. Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan

13. Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile , Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago 7591245, Chile

14. Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza, Universita di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy

15. INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy

16. Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 - S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium

17. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

18. Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3112, Australia

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cosmic dust is an essential component shaping both the evolution of galaxies and their observational signatures. How quickly dust builds up in the early Universe remains an open question that requires deep observations at (sub-)millimetre wavelengths to resolve. Here, we use Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of 45 galaxies from the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS) and its pilot programs, designed to target [C ii] and dust emission in UV-selected galaxies at z ∼ 7, to investigate the dust content of high-redshift galaxies through a stacking analysis. We find that the typical fraction of obscured star formation fobs = SFRIR/SFRUV+IR depends on stellar mass, similar to what is observed at lower redshift, and ranges from fobs ≈ 0.3 − 0.6 for galaxies with log10(M⋆/M⊙) = 9.4–10.4. We further adopt the z ∼ 7 stellar mass function from the literature to extract the obscured cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) from the REBELS survey. Our results suggest only a modest decrease in the SFRD between 3 ≲ z ≲ 7, with dust-obscured star formation still contributing ${\sim}30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at z ∼ 7. While we extensively discuss potential caveats, our analysis highlights the continued importance of dust-obscured star formation even well into the epoch of reionization.

Funder

ALMA

ESO

NSF

NINS

NRC

NSC

KASI

NAOJ

Swiss National Science Foundation

Danish National Research Foundation

FONDECYT

PCI

ANID

NWO

ERC

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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