Tensions with the flat ΛCDM model from high-redshift cosmography

Author:

Bargiacchi G12ORCID,Dainotti M G345,Capozziello S126

Affiliation:

1. Scuola Superiore Meridionale , Largo S. Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli , Italy

2. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Univ. Monte S. Angelo , Via Cinthia 9, I-80126 Napoli , Italy

3. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , Division of Science, 2 Chome-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 , Japan

4. Division of Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Shonankokusaimura, Hayama, Miura District , Kanagawa 240-0193 , Japan

5. Space Science Institute , 4765 Walnut St, Suite B Boulder, CO 80301 , USA

6. Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E. Pancini’, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte S. Angelo , Via Cinthia 9, I-80126 Napoli , Italy

Abstract

ABSTRACT The longstanding search for the cosmological model that best describes the Universe has been made more intriguing since the recent discovery of the Hubble constant, H0, tension observed between the value of H0 from the Cosmic Microwave Background and from type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Hence, the commonly trusted flat Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model is under investigation. In this scenario, cosmography is a very powerful technique to investigate the evolution of the Universe without any cosmological assumption, thus revealing tensions between observational data and predictions from cosmological models in a completely model-independent way. We here employ a robust cosmographic technique based on an orthogonal logarithmic polynomial expansion of the luminosity distance to fit quasars (QSOs) alone and QSOs combined with Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), SNe Ia, and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. To apply QSOs and GRBs as probes we use, respectively, the Risaliti–Lusso relation between ultraviolet and X-ray luminosities and the ‘Dainotti GRB 3D relation’ among the rest-frame end time of the X-ray plateau emission, its corresponding luminosity, and the peak prompt luminosity. We also correct QSOs and GRBs for selection biases and redshift evolution and we employ both the traditional Gaussian likelihood and the newly discovered best-fitting likelihoods for each probe investigated. This comprehensive analysis reveals a strong tension ($\gt 4 \, \sigma$) between our data sets and the flat ΛCDM model proving the power of both the cosmographic approach and high-redshift sources, such as QSOs and GRBs, which can probe the Universe at early epochs.

Funder

NAOJ

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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