Dark Energy Survey identification of a low-mass active galactic nucleus at redshift 0.823 from optical variability-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Dark Energy Survey identification of a low-mass active galactic nucleus at redshift 0.823 from optical variability

Published:2020-06-23 Issue:3 Volume:496 Page:3636-3647
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Guo Hengxiao¹²^ORCID,Burke Colin J¹²^ORCID,Liu Xin¹²,Phadke Kedar A¹,Zhang Kaiwen³,Chen Yu-Ching¹²,Gruendl Robert A¹²,Lidman Christopher⁴,Shen Yue¹²,Morganson Eric²,Aguena Michel⁵⁶,Allam Sahar⁷,Avila Santiago⁸,Bertin Emmanuel⁹¹⁰,Brooks David¹¹,Rosell Aurelio Carnero¹²,Carollo Daniela¹³,Kind Matias Carrasco¹²,Costanzi Matteo¹⁴¹⁵,da Costa Luiz N⁶¹⁶,De Vicente Juan¹²,Desai Shantanu¹⁷,Doel Peter¹¹,Eifler Tim F¹⁸¹⁹,Everett Spencer²⁰,García-Bellido Juan⁸,Gaztanaga Enrique²¹²²,Gerdes David W²³²⁴,Gruen Daniel²⁵²⁶²⁷,Gschwend Julia⁶¹⁶,Gutierrez Gaston⁷,Hinton Samuel R²⁸,Hollowood Devon L²⁰,Honscheid Klaus²⁹³⁰,James David J³¹,Kuehn Kyler³²³³,Lima Marcos⁵⁶,Maia Marcio A G⁶¹⁶,Menanteau Felipe¹²,Miquel Ramon³⁴³⁵,Möller Anais³⁶,Ogando Ricardo L C⁶¹⁶,Palmese Antonella⁷³⁷,Paz-Chinchón Francisco²³⁸,Plazas Andrés A³⁹,Romer Anita K⁴⁰,Roodman Aaron²⁶²⁷,Sanchez Eusebio¹²,Scarpine Vic⁷,Schubnell Michael²⁴,Serrano Santiago²¹²²,Smith Mathew⁴¹,Soares-Santos Marcelle⁴²,Sommer Natalia E⁴,Suchyta Eric⁴³,Swanson Molly E C²,Tarle Gregory²⁴,Tucker Brad E⁴,Varga Tamas N⁴⁴⁴⁵,

Affiliation:

1. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

2. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

3. Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

4. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia

5. Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil

6. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil

7. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

8. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

9. CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France

10. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France

11. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

12. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain

13. INAF, Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

14. INAF– Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

15. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

16. Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil

17. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

18. Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA

19. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

20. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

21. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

22. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

23. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

24. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

25. Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

26. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

27. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

28. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

29. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

30. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

31. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

32. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

33. Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

34. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

35. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

36. Universités Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France

37. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

38. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

39. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

40. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK

41. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK

42. Physics Department, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA

43. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

44. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany

45. Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 München, Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the identification of a low-mass active galactic nucleus (AGN), DES J0218−0430, in a redshift z = 0.823 galaxy in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Supernova field. We select DES J0218−0430 as an AGN candidate by characterizing its long-term optical variability alone based on DES optical broad-band light curves spanning over 6 yr. An archival optical spectrum from the fourth phase of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey shows both broad Mg ii and broad H β lines, confirming its nature as a broad-line AGN. Archival XMM–Newton X-ray observations suggest an intrinsic hard X-ray luminosity of $L_{{\rm 2-12\, keV}}\approx 7.6\pm 0.4\times 10^{43}$ erg s−1, which exceeds those of the most X-ray luminous starburst galaxies, in support of an AGN driving the optical variability. Based on the broad H β from SDSS spectrum, we estimate a virial black hole (BH) mass of M• ≈ 106.43–106.72 M⊙ (with the error denoting the systematic uncertainty from different calibrations), consistent with the estimation from OzDES, making it the lowest mass AGN with redshift > 0.4 detected in optical. We estimate the host galaxy stellar mass to be M* ≈ 1010.5 ± 0.3 M⊙ based on modelling the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution. DES J0218−0430 extends the M•–M* relation observed in luminous AGNs at z ∼ 1 to masses lower than being probed by previous work. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of using optical variability to identify low-mass AGNs at higher redshift in deeper synoptic surveys with direct implications for the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time at Vera C. Rubin Observatory.

Funder

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

National Science Foundation

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

H2020 European Research Council

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

Link

http://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/staa1803/33419491/staa1803.pdf