The STRong lensing Insights into the Dark Energy Survey (STRIDES) 2017/2018 follow-up campaign: discovery of 10 lensed quasars and 10 quasar pairs-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The STRong lensing Insights into the Dark Energy Survey (STRIDES) 2017/2018 follow-up campaign: discovery of 10 lensed quasars and 10 quasar pairs

Published:2020-03-09 Issue:3 Volume:494 Page:3491-3511
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Lemon C¹²³^ORCID,Auger M W¹²,McMahon R¹²,Anguita T⁴⁵^ORCID,Apostolovski Y⁴,Chen G C-F⁶^ORCID,Fassnacht C D⁶,Melo A D⁷,Motta V⁷,Shajib A⁸^ORCID,Treu T⁸,Agnello A⁹,Buckley-Geer E¹⁰,Schechter P L¹¹,Birrer S⁸¹²,Collett T¹³^ORCID,Courbin F³,Rusu C E¹⁴¹⁵^ORCID,Abbott T M C¹⁶,Allam S¹⁰,Annis J¹⁰,Avila S¹⁷^ORCID,Bertin E¹⁸¹⁹,Brooks D²⁰,Burke D L¹²²¹,Carnero Rosell A²²²³^ORCID,Carrasco Kind M²⁴²⁵^ORCID,Carretero J²⁶,Costanzi M²⁷²⁸,da Costa L N²³²⁹,De Vicente J²²,Desai S³⁰,Eifler T F³¹³²,Flaugher B¹⁰,Frieman J¹⁰³³,García-Bellido J¹⁷,Gaztanaga E³⁴³⁵^ORCID,Gerdes D W³⁶³⁷,Gruen D¹²²¹³⁸^ORCID,Gruendl R A²⁴²⁵,Gschwend J²³²⁹,Gutierrez G¹⁰,Honscheid K³⁹⁴⁰,James D J⁴¹,Kim A⁴²^ORCID,Krause E³¹,Kuehn K⁴³⁴⁴,Kuropatkin N¹⁰,Lahav O²⁰,Lima M²³⁴⁵,Lin H¹⁰,Maia M A G²³²⁹,March M⁴⁶^ORCID,Marshall J L⁴⁷,Menanteau F²⁴²⁵,Miquel R²⁶⁴⁸,Palmese A¹⁰³³^ORCID,Paz-Chinchón F²⁴²⁵,Plazas A A⁴⁹^ORCID,Roodman A¹²²¹,Sanchez E²²,Schubnell M³⁷,Serrano S³⁴³⁵,Smith M⁵⁰^ORCID,Soares-Santos M⁵¹^ORCID,Suchyta E⁵²^ORCID,Tarle G³⁷,Walker A R¹⁶

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

2. Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

3. Institute of Physics, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

4. Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

5. Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Monseñor Nuncio Sotero Sanz 100, Oficina 104, Providencia 7500011, Santiago, Chile

6. Physics Department, UC Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA

7. Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile

8. Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

9. DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Lyngbyvej 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

10. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

11. MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

12. Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

13. Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

14. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

15. Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

16. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

17. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

18. CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France

19. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France

20. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

21. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

22. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain

23. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil

24. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

25. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

26. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

27. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

28. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

29. Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil

30. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

31. Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA

32. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

33. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

34. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

35. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

36. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

37. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

38. Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

39. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

40. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

41. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

42. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

43. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

44. Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

45. Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil

46. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

47. Department of Physics and Astronomy, George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

48. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

49. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

50. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK

51. Physics Department, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA

52. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the results of the STRong lensing Insights into the Dark Energy Survey (STRIDES) follow-up campaign of the late 2017/early 2018 season. We obtained spectra of 65 lensed quasar candidates with ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera 2 on the NTT and Echellette Spectrograph and Imager on Keck, confirming 10 new lensed quasars and 10 quasar pairs. Eight lensed quasars are doubly imaged with source redshifts between 0.99 and 2.90, one is triply imaged (DESJ0345−2545, z = 1.68), and one is quadruply imaged (quad: DESJ0053−2012, z = 3.8). Singular isothermal ellipsoid models for the doubles, based on high-resolution imaging from SAMI on Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope or Near InfraRed Camera 2 on Keck, give total magnifications between 3.2 and 5.6, and Einstein radii between 0.49 and 1.97 arcsec. After spectroscopic follow-up, we extract multi-epoch grizY photometry of confirmed lensed quasars and contaminant quasar + star pairs from DES data using parametric multiband modelling, and compare variability in each system’s components. By measuring the reduced χ2 associated with fitting all epochs to the same magnitude, we find a simple cut on the less variable component that retains all confirmed lensed quasars, while removing 94 per cent of contaminant systems. Based on our spectroscopic follow-up, this variability information improves selection of lensed quasars and quasar pairs from 34-45 per cent to 51–70 per cent, with most remaining contaminants being star-forming galaxies. Using mock lensed quasar light curves we demonstrate that selection based only on variability will over-represent the quad fraction by 10 per cent over a complete DES magnitude-limited sample, explained by the magnification bias and hence lower luminosity/more variable sources in quads.

Funder

National Science Foundation

MINECO

ERDF

Generalitat de Catalunya

European Research Council

Seventh Framework Programme

CNPq

Swiss National Science Foundation

Horizon 2020

Villum Fonden

DFF