A dusty protocluster surrounding the binary galaxy HerBS-70 at z = 2.3

Author:

Bakx Tom J L C123ORCID,Berta S4,Dannerbauer H56,Cox P7ORCID,Butler K M4,Hagimoto M2ORCID,Hughes D H8,Riechers D A9,van der Werf P P10,Yang C1ORCID,Baker A J1112,Beelen A13ORCID,Bendo G J14ORCID,Borsato E15ORCID,Buat V16ORCID,Cooray A R17,Dunne L18,Dye S19ORCID,Eales S18,Gavazzi R720,Harris A I21,Ismail D16,Ivison R J22ORCID,Jones B23ORCID,Krips M4,Lehnert M D24,Marchetti L2526ORCID,Messias H2728ORCID,Negrello M18ORCID,Neri R4ORCID,Omont A7,Perez-Fournon I529,Nanni A3031,Chartab N103233,Serjeant S34ORCID,Stanley F4ORCID,Tamura Y2ORCID,Urquhart S A34,Vlahakis C35,Weiß A36,Young A J11

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology , Onsala Observatory, SE-439 94 Onsala , Sweden

2. Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 , Japan

3. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 , Japan

4. Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 Rue de la Piscine, F-38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères , France

5. Instituto Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

6. Dpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de la , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

7. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Université , UPMC Université Paris 6 and CNRS, UMR 7095, 98 bis boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris , France

8. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, 72000 Puebla , México

9. I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, D-50937 Köln , Germany

10. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands

11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019 , USA

12. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape , Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535 , South Africa

13. Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), CNRS et Université Paris Sud , 13013, Orsay , France

14. UK ALMA Regional Centre Node, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL , UK

15. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘G. Galilei’, Universit’di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122, Padova , Italy

16. Aix-Mar seille Univer sitè, CNRS and CNES, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille , 38, rue Frèdèric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille , France

17. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 , USA

18. School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University , The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA , UK

19. School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK

20. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB30HA , UK

21. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742 , USA

22. European Southern Observatory , Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching , Germany

23. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK

24. Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, ENS de Lyon , Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5574, F-69230 Saint-Genis-Laval , France

25. Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town , Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town , South Africa

26. INAF, Instituto di Radioastronomia-Italian ARC , Via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna , Italy

27. European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile , Chile

28. Joint ALMA Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura 763-0355, Santiago de Chile , Chile

29. Ikerbasque Foundation, University of the Basque Country , DIPC Donostia, 48009 , Spain

30. National Centre for Nuclear Research , ul. Pasteura 7, PL-02-093 Warszawa , Poland

31. INAF – Osservatorio astronomico d’Abruzzo , Via Maggini SNC, I-64100, Teramo , Italy

32. The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101 , USA

33. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 , USA

34. School of Physical Sciences, The Open University , Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA , UK

35. National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903 , USA

36. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn , Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report on deep SCUBA-2 observations at 850 $\mu$m and NOrthern Extended Millimetre Array (NOEMA) spectroscopic measurements at 2 mm of the environment surrounding the luminous, massive (M* ≈ 2 × 1011 M⊙) Herschel-selected source HerBS-70. This source was revealed by previous NOEMA observations to be a binary system of dusty star-forming galaxies at z = 2.3, with the east component (HerBS-70E) hosting an active galactic nucleus. The SCUBA-2 observations detected, in addition to the binary system, 21 sources at >3.5σ over an area of ∼25 square comoving Mpc with a sensitivity of 1σ850 = 0.75 mJy. The surface density of continuum sources around HerBS-70 is three times higher than for field galaxies. The NOEMA spectroscopic measurements confirm the protocluster membership of three of the nine brightest sources through their CO(4–3) line emission, yielding a volume density 36 times higher than for field galaxies. All five confirmed sub-mm galaxies in the HerBS-70 system have relatively short gas depletion times (80−500 Myr), indicating the onset of quenching for this protocluster core due to the depletion of gas. The dark matter halo mass of the HerBS-70 system is estimated around 5 × 1013 M⊙, with a projected current-day mass of 1015 M⊙, similar to the local Virgo and Coma clusters. These observations support the claim that DSFGs, in particular the ones with observed multiplicity, can trace cosmic overdensities.

Funder

Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Cited by 1 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Gas conditions of a star-formation selected sample in the first billion years;Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society;2024-06-29

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