SN 2014C: VLBI image shows a shell structure and decelerated expansion

Author:

Bietenholz Michael F12ORCID,Bartel Norbert1,Kamble Atish3,Margutti Raffaella4,Matthews David Jacob4,Milisavljevic Danny5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada

2. SARAO/Hartebeesthoek Radio Observatory, PO Box 443, Krugersdorp 1740, South Africa

3. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 156 Madison Ave, Arlington, MA 02474, USA

4. Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA

5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report on new Very Long Baseline Interferometry radio measurements of supernova (SN) 2014C in the spiral galaxy NGC 7331, made with the European VLBI Network ∼5 yr after the explosion, as well as on flux density measurements made with the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). SN 2014C was an unusual SN, initially of Type Ib, but over the course of ∼1 yr, it developed strong H α lines, implying the onset of strong interaction with some H-rich circumstellar medium (CSM). The expanding shock-front interacted with a dense shell of circumstellar material during the first year, but has now emerged from the dense shell and is expanding into the lower density CSM beyond. Our new VLBI observations show a relatively clear shell structure and continued expansion with some deceleration, with a suggestion that the deceleration is increasing at the latest times. Our multifrequency VLA observations show a relatively flat power-law spectrum with Sν ∝ ν−0.56 ± 0.03, and show no decline in the radio luminosity since t ∼ 1 yr.

Funder

National Science Foundation

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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