Common envelope jets supernovae with a black hole companion as possible high-energy neutrino sources

Abstract

ABSTRACT We study high-energy neutrino emission from relativistic jets launched by a black hole (BH) spiraling-in inside the envelope of a red supergiant (RSG), and find that such common envelope jets supernovae (CEJSNe) are a potential source for the $\gtrsim 10^{15} ~\rm {eV}$ neutrinos detected by IceCube. We first use the stellar evolution code mesa to mimic the effect of the jets on the RSG envelope, and find that the jets substantially inflate the envelope. We then study the propagation of jets inside the extended RSG envelope and find that in most cases the jets do not penetrate the envelope but are rather stalled. We show that such jets can accelerate cosmic rays to high enough energies to produce high-energy neutrinos. While the neutrinos stream out freely, the gamma-rays that accompany the neutrino production remain trapped inside the optically thick envelope. This explains the lack of observational association between high-energy neutrinos and gamma rays. We crudely estimate the diffuse neutrino spectrum from a CEJSN and find that CEJSNe with BH companions might have a substantial contribution to the high-energy neutrinos flux detected by IceCube.