A sub-Neptune transiting the young field star HD 18599  at 40 pc

Author:

de Leon J P1ORCID,Livingston J H1234ORCID,Jenkins J S5ORCID,Vines J I6ORCID,Wittenmyer R A7ORCID,Clark J T7ORCID,Winn J I M8ORCID,Addison B7ORCID,Ballard S9ORCID,Bayliss D10ORCID,Beichman C11ORCID,Benneke B12ORCID,Berardo D A13ORCID,Bowler B P14,Brown T1516,Bryant E M17ORCID,Christiansen J11ORCID,Ciardi D11ORCID,Collins K A18ORCID,Collins K I19ORCID,Crossfield I20ORCID,Deming D2122ORCID,Dragomir D23ORCID,Dressing C D24ORCID,Fukui A2526ORCID,Gan T27ORCID,Giacalone S24ORCID,Gill S1028ORCID,Gorjian V29ORCID,González Alvarez E30,Hesse K31ORCID,Horner J7ORCID,Howell S B32ORCID,Jenkins J M33,Kane S R34ORCID,Kendall A35,Kielkopf J F36ORCID,Kreidberg L18ORCID,Latham D W18ORCID,Liu H37,Lund M B11ORCID,Matson R32ORCID,Matthews E1338ORCID,Mengel M W7ORCID,Morales F29ORCID,Mori M1ORCID,Narita N22539ORCID,Nishiumi T2440ORCID,Okumura J7,Plavchan P19ORCID,Quinn S18ORCID,Rabus M414243ORCID,Ricker G13ORCID,Rudat A13,Schlieder J44ORCID,Schwarz R P18ORCID,Seager S134546ORCID,Shporer A13ORCID,Smith A M S47,Stassun K4849ORCID,Tamura M123ORCID,Tan T G50ORCID,Tinney C51ORCID,Vanderspek R13ORCID,Werner M W29,West R G1028,Wright D7ORCID,Zhang H52,Zhou G718ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

2. Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

3. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

4. Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

5. Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales , Av. Ejército 441, Santiago, Chile Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines (CATA), Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile

6. Universidad de Chile, Camino el Observatorio , 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

7. University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics , West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia

8. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

9. Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA

10. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

11. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91106, USA

12. Department of Physics and Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Universit’ e de Montr’ eal , Montr’ eal, QC, PO Box 6128, Canada

13. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

14. Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , TX 78712, USA

15. CASA, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA

16. Las Cumbres Observatory , Goleta, CA 93117, USA

17. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

18. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

19. Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA

20. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , 1082 Malott, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr Lawrence, KS 66045, USA

21. NASA Astrobiology Institute’s Virtual Planetary Laboratory , Box 351580 Seattle, WA 98195, USA

22. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA

23. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , 210 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA

24. Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

25. Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

26. Instituto de Astrof’ isica de Canarias, V’ ia L’ actea s/n , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

27. Department of Astronomy and Tsinghua Centre for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China

28. Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

29. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

30. Centro de Astrobiolog’ ia (CSIC-INTA) , Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrej’ on de Ardoz, E-28850 Madrid, Spain

31. Department of Astronomy, Wesleyan University, Middletown , CT 06459, USA

32. NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

33. Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

34. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA

35. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester , Leicester LE1 7RH, UK

36. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40292, USA

37. School of Astronomy and Space Science, Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics in Ministry of Education, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China

38. Observatoire de Gen’ eve , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

39. Instituto de Astrof’ isica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

40. Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

41. Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope , 6740 Cortona Dr, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93111, USA

42. Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA

43. Departamento de Matem’ atica y F’ isica Aplicadas, Universidad Cat’ olica de la Sant’ iĂ, sima Concepci’ on , Alonso de Rivera 2850, Concepci’ on, Chile

44. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

45. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

46. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics , MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

47. Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstr. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

48. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , VU Station 1807, Nashville, TN 37235, USA

49. Department of Physics, Fisk University , Nashville, TN 37208, USA

50. Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope , Perth, Western Australia

51. Exoplanetary Science at UNSW, School of Physics , UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

52. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, China

Abstract

ABSTRACT Transiting exoplanets orbiting young nearby stars are ideal laboratories for testing theories of planet formation and evolution. However, to date only a handful of stars with age <1 Gyr have been found to host transiting exoplanets. Here we present the discovery and validation of a sub-Neptune around HD 18599 , a young (300 Myr), nearby (d = 40 pc) K star. We validate the transiting planet candidate as a bona fide planet using data from the TESS , Spitzer , and Gaia  missions, ground-based photometry from IRSF , LCO , PEST , and NGTS , speckle imaging from Gemini, and spectroscopy from CHIRON , NRES , FEROS , and Minerva-Australis . The planet has an orbital period of 4.13 d , and a radius of 2.7 R⊕ . The RV data yields a 3-σ mass upper limit of 30.5 M⊕  which is explained by either a massive companion or the large observed jitter typical for a young star. The brightness of the host star (V∼9 mag) makes it conducive to detailed characterization via Doppler mass measurement which will provide a rare view into the interior structure of young planets.

Funder

JSPS

KAKENHI

FONDECYT

CONICYT

Australian Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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