On the plerionic rectangular supernova remnants of static progenitors

Abstract

ABSTRACT Pulsar wind nebulae are a possible final stage of the circumstellar evolution of massive stars, where a fast-rotating, magnetized neutron star produces a powerful wind that interacts with the supernova ejecta. The shape of these so-called plerionic supernova remnants is influenced by the distribution of circumstellar matter at the time of the explosion, itself impacted by the magnetic field of the ambient medium, responsible for the expansion of the circumstellar bubble of the progenitor star. To understand the effects of magnetization on the circumstellar medium and resulting pulsar nebulae, we conduct 2D magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Our models explore the impact of the interstellar medium’s (ISM) magnetic field on the morphology of a supernova remnant and pulsar wind nebula that develop in the circumstellar medium of massive star progenitor in the warm phase of the Milky Way’s ISM. Our simulations reveal that the jet-like structures formed on both sides perpendicularly to the equatorial plane of the pulsar, creating complex radio synthetic synchrotron emissions. This morphology is characterized by a rectangular-like remnant, which is typical of the circumstellar medium of massive stars in a magnetized medium, along with the appearance of a spinning top structure within the projected rectangle. We suggest that this mechanism may be partially responsible for the complex morphologies observed in pulsar wind nebulae that do not conform to the typical torus/jet or bow shock/tail shapes observed in most cases.