Nebular-phase spectra of Type Ia supernovae from the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Supernova Project

Author:

Graham M L1ORCID,Kennedy T D1,Kumar S2,Amaro R C3,Sand D J3,Jha S W4ORCID,Galbany L5ORCID,Vinko J6789,Wheeler J C9ORCID,Hsiao E Y2,Bostroem K A110,Burke J1112,Hiramatsu D11121314,Hosseinzadeh G3,McCully C11,Howell D A1112,Diamond TORCID,Hoeflich P2,Wang X1516,Li W17

Affiliation:

1. DiRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Box 351580, U.W., Seattle, WA 98195, USA

2. Department of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA

3. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA

4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA

5. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE , CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

6. Konkoly Observatory, ELKH Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Konkoly Thege M. ut 15-17, Budapest 1121 Hungary

7. Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged , Dom ter 9, Szeged 6720 Hungary

8. Institute of Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Pázmany Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest 1117, Hungary

9. Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400 Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA

10. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA

11. Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA

12. Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA

13. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

14. The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 02139-4307 Cambridge, MA

15. Physics Department & Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China

16. Beijing Planetarium, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology , Beijing 100044, China

17. The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel

Abstract

ABSTRACT The observed diversity in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) – the thermonuclear explosions of carbon–oxygen white dwarf stars used as cosmological standard candles – is currently met with a variety of explosion models and progenitor scenarios. To help improve our understanding of whether and how often different models contribute to the occurrence of SNe Ia and their assorted properties, we present a comprehensive analysis of seven nearby SNe Ia. We obtained one to two epochs of optical spectra with Gemini Observatory during the nebular phase (>200 d past peak) for each of these events, all of which had time series of photometry and spectroscopy at early times (the first ∼8 weeks after explosion). We use the combination of early- and late-time observations to assess the predictions of various models for the explosion (e.g. double-detonation, off-centre detonation, stellar collisions), progenitor star (e.g. ejecta mass, metallicity), and binary companion (e.g. another white dwarf or a non-degenerate star). Overall, we find general consistency in our observations with spherically symmetric models for SN Ia explosions, and with scenarios in which the binary companion is another degenerate star. We also present an in-depth analysis of SN 2017fzw, a member of the subgroup of SNe Ia which appear to be transitional between the subluminous ‘91bg-like’ events and normal SNe Ia, and for which nebular-phase spectra are rare.

Funder

Heising-Simons Foundation

National Science Foundation

National Research Council

Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva

Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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