No plateau observed in late-time near-infrared observations of the underluminous Type Ia supernova 2021qvv

Author:

Graur O12ORCID,Padilla Gonzalez E34ORCID,Burke J34,Deckers M5ORCID,Jha S W6ORCID,Galbany L78ORCID,Karamehmetoglu E9ORCID,Stritzinger M D9ORCID,Maguire K5ORCID,Howell D A34ORCID,Fisher R10ORCID,Fullard A G11ORCID,Handberg R9ORCID,Hiramatsu D1213ORCID,Hosseinzadeh G14ORCID,Kerzendorf W E11ORCID,McCully C34ORCID,Newsome M34ORCID,Pellegrino C34ORCID,Rest A1516ORCID,Riess A G1516ORCID,Seitenzahl I R17ORCID,Shara M M2ORCID,Shen K J18ORCID,Terreran G34ORCID,Zurek D R2

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX , UK

2. Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192 , USA

3. Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575 , USA

4. Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530 , USA

5. School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin , College Green, Dublin 2 , Ireland

6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019 , USA

7. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB , Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona , Spain

8. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona , Spain

9. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark

10. Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02740 , USA

11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 , USA

12. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516 , USA

13. The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions , USA

14. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065 , USA

15. Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA

16. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA

17. School of Science, University of New South Wales Canberra, The Australian Defence Force Academy , Canberra, ACT 2600 , Australia

18. Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Near-infrared (NIR) observations of normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained between 150 and 500 d past maximum light reveal the existence of an extended plateau. Here, we present observations of the underluminous, 1991bg-like SN 2021qvv. Early, ground-based optical and NIR observations show that SN 2021qvv is similar to SN 2006mr, making it one of the dimmest, fastest evolving 1991bg-like SNe to date. Late-time (170–250 d) Hubble Space Telescope observations of SN 2021qvv reveal no sign of a plateau. An extrapolation of these observations backwards to earlier-phase NIR observations of SN 2006mr suggests the complete absence of an NIR plateau, at least out to 250 d. This absence may be due to a higher ionization state of the ejecta, as predicted by certain sub-Chandrasekhar-mass detonation models, or to the lower temperatures of the ejecta of 1991bg-like SNe, relative to normal SNe Ia, which might preclude their becoming fluorescent and shifting ultraviolet light into the NIR. This suggestion can be tested by acquiring NIR imaging of a sample of 1991bg-like SNe that covers the entire range from slowly evolving to fast-evolving events (0.2 ≲ sBV ≲ 0.6). A detection of the NIR plateau in slower evolving, hotter 1991bg-like SNe would provide further evidence that these SNe exist along a continuum with normal SNe Ia. Theoretical progenitor and explosion scenarios would then have to match the observed properties of both SN Ia subtypes.

Funder

EU

ERC

MCIN

Agencia Estatal de Investigación

European Social Fund

NASA

ESA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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