Photometric study of the late-time near-infrared plateau in Type Ia supernovae

Author:

Deckers M1ORCID,Graur O23ORCID,Maguire K1ORCID,Shingles L4ORCID,Brennan S J56ORCID,Anderson J P78,Burke J910,Chen T-W1112,Galbany L1314,Grayling M J P1516ORCID,Gutiérrez C P1718,Harvey L1ORCID,Hiramatsu D1920,Howell D A910,Inserra C21ORCID,Killestein T22ORCID,McCully C10,Müller-Bravo T E1314,Nicholl M23ORCID,Newsome M910,Padilla Gonzalez E910,Pellegrino C910,Terreran G910ORCID,Terwel J H124ORCID,Toy M15ORCID,Young D R25

Affiliation:

1. School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green , Dublin 2, Ireland

2. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK

3. Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA

4. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany

5. School of Physics, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

6. Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

7. European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago, Chile

8. Millennium Institute of Astrophysics MAS , Nuncio Monsenor Sotero Sanz 100, Off. 104, Providencia, Santiago, Chile

9. Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Dr Suite 102, Goleta, CA, 93117, USA

10. Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA

11. Technische Universität München, TUM School of Natural Sciences , Physik-Department, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

12. Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

13. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

14. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

15. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

16. Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK

17. Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA) , FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland

18. Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy , FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland

19. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USA

20. The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions , USA

21. Cardiff Hub for Astrophysics Research and Technology, School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University , Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK

22. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

23. Birmingham Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

24. Isaac Newton Group (ING) , Apt. de correos 321, E-38700, Santa Cruz de La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain

25. Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UK

Abstract

ABSTRACTWe present an in-depth study of the late-time near-infrared plateau in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), which occurs between 70 and 500 d. We double the existing sample of SNe Ia observed during the late-time near-infrared plateau with new observations taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, Gemini, New Technology Telescope, the 3.5-m Calar Alto Telescope, and the Nordic Optical Telescope. Our sample consists of 24 nearby SNe Ia at redshift < 0.025. We are able to confirm that no plateau exists in the Ks band for most normal SNe Ia. SNe Ia with broader optical light curves at peak tend to have a higher average brightness on the plateau in J and H, most likely due to a shallower decline in the preceding 100 d. SNe Ia that are more luminous at peak also show a steeper decline during the plateau phase in H. We compare our data to state-of-the-art radiative transfer models of nebular SNe Ia in the near-infrared. We find good agreement with the sub-Mch model that has reduced non-thermal ionization rates, but no physical justification for reducing these rates has yet been proposed. An analysis of the spectral evolution during the plateau demonstrates that the ratio of [Fe ii] to [Fe iii] contribution in a near-infrared filter determines the light curve evolution in said filter. We find that overluminous SNe decline slower during the plateau than expected from the trend seen for normal SNe Ia.

Funder

EU

European Research Council

NSF

ANID

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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