A near magnetic-to-kinetic energy equipartition flare from the relativistic jet in AO 0235 + 164 during 2013–2019

Author:

Cheong Whee Yeon12ORCID,Lee Sang-Sung12ORCID,Kim Sang-Hyun12ORCID,Kang Sincheol2ORCID,Kim Jae Young34ORCID,Rani Bindu256ORCID,Readhead Anthony C S7,Kiehlmann Sebastian89ORCID,Lähteenmäki Anne1011,Tornikoski Merja10,Tammi Joni10,Ramakrishnan Venkatessh1210ORCID,Agudo Iván13,Fuentes Antonio13,Traianou Efthalia413,Escudero Juan13,Thum Clemens14,Myserlis Ioannis14ORCID,Casadio Carolina89ORCID,Gurwell Mark15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Astronomy and Space Science Program, University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong – ro, Yuseong – gu, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea

2. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok – daero, Yuseong – gu, Daejeon 34055 , Republic of Korea

3. Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 702-701 , Republic of Korea

4. Max – Planck – Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn , Germany

5. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771 , USA

6. Department of Physics, American University , Washington, DC 20016 , USA

7. Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

8. Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas , GR-71110 Heraklion , Greece

9. Department of Physics, University of Crete , GR-70013 Heraklion , Greece

10. Metsähovi Radio Observatory , Aalto University, Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä , Finland

11. Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University , PO BOX 15500, FI-00076 AALTO , Finland

12. Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku , Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20014 University of Turku , Finland

13. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía – CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía , E-18008 Granada , Spain

14. Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique , Avenida Divina Pastora, 7, Local 20, E–18012 Granada , Spain

15. Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the multiwavelength flaring activity of the blazar AO 0235 + 164 during its recent active period from 2013 to 2019. From a discrete correlation function analysis, we find a significant ($\gt 95~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) correlation between radio and gamma-ray light curves with flares at longer wavelengths following flares at shorter wavelengths. We identify a new jet component in 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array data that was ejected from the radio core on MJD $57246^{+26}_{-30}$ (2015 August 12), during the peak of the 2015 radio flare. From the analysis of the jet component, we derived a Doppler factor of δvar = 28.5 ± 8.4, a bulk Lorentz factor of $\Gamma =16.8^{+3.6}_{-3.1}$, and an intrinsic viewing angle of $\theta _{\rm v}=1.42^{+1.07}_{-0.52}\textrm {~degrees}$. Investigation of the quasi-simultaneous radio data revealed a partially absorbed spectrum with the turnover frequency varying in the range of 10−70 GHz and the peak flux density varying in the range of 0.7−4 Jy. We find the synchrotron self-absorption magnetic field strength to be $B_{\rm SSA}=15.3^{+12.6}_{-14.0}\textrm {~mG}$ at the peak of the 2015 radio flare, which is comparable to the equipartition magnetic field strength of $B_{\rm EQ}=43.6^{+10.6}_{-10.4}\textrm {~mG}$ calculated for the same epoch. Additional analysis of the radio emission region in the relativistic jet of AO 0235 + 164 suggests that it did not significantly deviate from equipartition during its recent flaring activity.

Funder

NASA

NSF

National Research Foundation of Korea

NRF

Ministry of Science and ICT

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

INSU,CNRS

MPG

European Research Council

ESO

NINS

NRC

MOST

KASI

AUI

NRAO

NAOJ

Smithsonian Institution

Academia Sinica

Department of Energy

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Swedish Research Council

Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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