Remote Household Observation for Noninfluenza Respiratory Viral Illness

Author:

Emanuels Anne1ORCID,Heimonen Jessica1,O’Hanlon Jessica1,Kim Ashley E1,Wilcox Naomi1,McCulloch Denise J1,Brandstetter Elisabeth1,Wolf Caitlin R1,Logue Jennifer K1,Han Peter D2,Pfau Brian2,Newman Kira L1,Hughes James P3ORCID,Jackson Michael L4,Uyeki Timothy M5,Boeckh Michael6,Starita Lea M27,Nickerson Deborah A27,Bedford Trevor6ORCID,Englund Janet A18,Chu Helen Y1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

2. Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA

3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

4. Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA

5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

6. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

7. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

8. Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA

Abstract

Abstract Background Noninfluenza respiratory viruses are responsible for a substantial burden of disease in the United States. Household transmission is thought to contribute significantly to subsequent transmission through the broader community. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contactless surveillance methods are of particular importance. Methods From November 2019 to April 2020, 303 households in the Seattle area were remotely monitored in a prospective longitudinal study for symptoms of respiratory viral illness. Enrolled participants reported weekly symptoms and submitted respiratory samples by mail in the event of an acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specimens were tested for 14 viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Participants completed all study procedures at home without physical contact with research staff. Results In total, 1171 unique participants in 303 households were monitored for ARI. Of participating households, 128 (42%) included a child aged <5 years and 202 (67%) included a child aged 5–12 years. Of the 678 swabs collected during the surveillance period, 237 (35%) tested positive for 1 or more noninfluenza respiratory viruses. Rhinovirus, common human coronaviruses, and respiratory syncytial virus were the most common. Four cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 3 households. Conclusions This study highlights the circulation of respiratory viruses within households during the winter months during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Contactless methods of recruitment, enrollment, and sample collection were utilized throughout this study and demonstrate the feasibility of home-based, remote monitoring for respiratory infections.

Funder

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)

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