Expression of retrotransposons contributes to aging in Drosophila

Author:

Schneider Blair K1,Sun Shixiang2,Lee Moonsook2,Li Wenge3,Skvir Nicholas4,Neretti Nicola4,Vijg Jan25,Secombe Julie16

Affiliation:

1. Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , 1300 Morris Park Ave., Ullmann 809 Bronx, NY 10461 , USA

2. Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , 1301 Morris Park Ave., Price 468 Bronx, NY 10461 , USA

3. Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , 1300 Morris Park Ave., Ullmann 909 Bronx, NY 10461 , USA

4. Department of Molecular biology, Cell biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , 70 Ship St., Providence 02903 , USA

5. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY 10461 , USA

6. Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY 10461 , USA

Abstract

Abstract Retrotransposons are a class of transposable elements capable of self-replication and insertion into new genomic locations. Across species, the mobilization of retrotransposons in somatic cells has been suggested to contribute to the cell and tissue functional decline that occurs during aging. Retrotransposons are broadly expressed across cell types, and de novo insertions have been observed to correlate with tumorigenesis. However, the extent to which new retrotransposon insertions occur during normal aging and their effect on cellular and animal function remains understudied. Here, we use a single nucleus whole genome sequencing approach in Drosophila to directly test whether transposon insertions increase with age in somatic cells. Analyses of nuclei from thoraces and indirect flight muscles using a newly developed pipeline, Retrofind, revealed no significant increase in the number of transposon insertions with age. Despite this, reducing the expression of two different retrotransposons, 412 and Roo, extended lifespan, but did not alter indicators of health such as stress resistance. This suggests a key role for transposon expression and not insertion in regulating longevity. Transcriptomic analyses revealed similar changes to gene expression in 412 and Roo knockdown flies and highlighted changes to genes involved in proteolysis and immune function as potential contributors to the observed changes in longevity. Combined, our data show a clear link between retrotransposon expression and aging.

Funder

NIH

Einstein Cancer Center

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics

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