Age-related alterations in protein phosphatase 2A methylation levels in brains of cynomolgus monkeys: a pilot study

Abstract

Abstract The abnormal activity of PP2A, a dominant member of type 2A serine/threonine protein phosphatase, has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). PP2A is a holoenzyme, and protein methylation of the catalytic subunit, PP2Ac, alters the complex composition. A decrease in PP2Ac methylation levels has been reported in AD and DLB. Aging is the most common risk factor for AD and DLB, but the relationship between aging and PP2A has not been studied in detail. Cynomolgus monkey show increased phosphorylation levels of tau and α-synuclein with aging. In this study, we investigated the alterations in the PP2A activity regulation with aging in monkey brains from 2 to 43 years of age using fractionated proteins. We found that type 2A protein phosphatase activity decreased with aging in cytoplasmic and nuclear-soluble fractions. PP2Ac methylation level was decreased in cytoplasmic and sarkosyl-insoluble fractions. A principal component analysis using PP2Ac, demethylated PP2Ac and PP2A methylesterase PME-1 levels in cytoplasmic and nuclear-soluble fractions as attributes showed that aged monkeys were in the same cluster. Our results show that brain aging in cynomolgus monkeys is closely related to changes in PP2A methylation.