Carotenoid Pigments in a Mutant Cardinal: Implications for the Genetic and Enzymatic Control Mechanisms of Carotenoid Metabolism in Birds

Author:

McGraw Kevin J.12,Hill Geoffrey E.2,Parker Robert S.3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

2. Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849

3. Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

Abstract

Abstract Birds that use carotenoids to color their feathers must ultimately obtain these pigments from the diet, but they are also capable of metabolically transforming dietary carotenoids into alternate forms that they use as plumage colorants. The genetic and enzymatic control mechanisms underlying carotenoid metabolism are poorly understood. We investigated carotenoid pigments present in the feathers of an aberrantly colored yellow Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) to determine how metabolic pathways may have been altered. Normal red cardinals display four primary keto-carotenoids in plumage that are endogenously derived from a series of common food carotenoids. We found that the yellow feathers of this mutant lacked all four of the typical red pigments, and instead contained a yellow dietary carotenoid (lutein) and three yellow metabolic derivatives (3′-dehydrolutein and canary-xanthophylls A and B). Because yellow metabolites appear to be manufactured via a different metabolic process (dehydrogenation) than the usual red forms (oxidation at the C-4 or -4′ positions), it seems that this genetic mutation did not broadly disrupt all metabolic activity, but specifically impaired only one class of metabolic reactions and its associated enzymes. Pigmentos Carotenoides en un Cardenal Mutante: Implicaciones para los Mecanismos Genéticos y Enzimáticos de Control del Metabolismo de Carotenoides en las Aves Resumen. Las aves que utilizan pigmentos carotenoides para dar color a sus plumas deben obtenerlos de la dieta, pero también son capaces de transformar metabólicamente los carotenoides dietarios en formas alternativas que utilizan para colorear las plumas. Los mecanismos genéticos y enzimáticos de control involucrados en el metabolismo de los carotenoides no han sido bien establecidos. En este estudio investigamos los pigmentos carotenoides presentes en las plumas de un cardenal Cardinalis cardinalis con coloración amarilla aberrante para determinar cómo se podrían haber alterado las rutas metabólicas. Los cardenales normales de color rojo despliegan cuatro keto-carotenoides primarios en el plumaje, los cuales son derivados endógenamente a partir de una serie de carotenoides comunes en la dieta. Encontramos que las plumas amarillas del mutante carecían de los cuatro pigmentos rojos típicos, y contenían en cambio un carotenoide dietario amarillo (luteína) y tres derivados metabólicos amarillos (3′-dehidro luteína y xantofilas de canario A y B). Debido a que los metabolitos amarillos parecen ser fabricados mediante un proceso metabólico diferente al de las formas rojas usuales (deshidrogenación y oxidación en las posiciones C-4 o -4′, respectivamente), parece que esta mutación genética no alteró ampliamente toda la actividad metabólica. En cambio, parece haber inhabilitado sólo una clase de reacciones metabólicas y sus enzimas asociadas.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Animal Science and Zoology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference30 articles.

1. Metabolism of carotenoid pigments in birds.;Brush;Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology,1990

2. The mechanism of the conversion of β-carotene into canthaxanthin by the brine shrimp, Artemia salina L. (Crustacea: Branchipoda).;Davies;Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1970

3. The biochemistry of the carotenoids. Vol. I. Plants.;Goodwin,1980

4. Mate choice, male quality, and carotenoid-based plumage coloration.;Hill;Proceedings of the International Ornithological Congress,1999

5. A red bird in a brown bag: the function and evolution of colorful plumage in the House Finch.;Hill,2002

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3