The essays in this volume are concerned with the question of how we are to understand the foundations of our capacity to know and understand others. While the essays address issues that have long puzzled philosophers, they also engage with more contemporary issues generated by recent empirical work in the cognitive sciences. The first two essays focus on more general concerns. They tease out various questions that have been asked in connection with others, and consider how they may be thought to be related to one another. The three chapters that follow explore some of the issues that arise when one examines questions concerning others in the light of evidence from the empirical sciences. One chapter looks at the claim that there is an asymmetry between the way in which we know our own mind and the ways in which we know other minds, another looks at when and how human infants come to know that others have minds, and the third looks at the role played by context in our acquiring knowledge of others. The third group of chapters examines the suggestion, popular in more recent times, that one comes to know the mind of others in much the same way that one comes to know about the world of bodies—through perception. The volume ends with a chapter that considers the impact on our thinking about morality of a certain way of understanding our relations to others. All the essays in this volume are newly written by internationally renowned researchers and are designed to advance our understanding of ourselves as social creatures.