Phase plates in the transmission electron microscope: operating principles and applications

Author:

Malac Marek12ORCID,Hettler Simon3,Hayashida Misa1,Kano Emi4,Egerton Ray F2,Beleggia Marco5

Affiliation:

1. NRC-NANO, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada

2. Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada

3. Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, 50018 Zaragoza, España

4. Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan

5. DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we review the current state of phase plate imaging in a transmission electron microscope. We focus especially on the hole-free phase plate design, also referred to as the Volta phase plate. We discuss the implementation, operating principles and applications of phase plate imaging. We provide an imaging theory that accounts for inelastic scattering in both the sample and in the hole-free phase plate.

Funder

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

NRC-NANO research centre of National Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging,Instrumentation,Structural Biology

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