Clinical and demographic features with outcome predictors of adult patients with acute intoxication admitted to a medical intensive care unit in the Mediterranean part of Croatia

Abstract

Abstract Background The objective of the study was to assess the demographics, clinical parameters, and outcome of acute intoxications among adult patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit in southern Croatia. Materials and Methods An observational retrospective study was conducted over a 1-year period. The subjects were patients admitted to the intensive care unit for acute poisoning. Results In all, 81 subjects (32.1% females) aged 43.16 ± 14.77 years were admitted to the intensive care unit because of poisoning (14.97% of the total annual intensive care unit admissions). Psychiatric disorders were previously established in 76.5% participants, and 69.1% of all acute intoxications were classified as suicidal. Non-suicidal subjects differed from suicidal subjects in age (37.36 ± 9.71 vs. 45.75 ± 15.93 years; P = 0.009), in pCO2 (6.38 ± 1.78 vs. 5.50 ± 1.26 kPa; P = 0.020), in length-of-stay in intensive care unit (median 1.00, interquartile range 1.00 vs. median 2.00, interquartile range 2.00 days; P = 0.022), and in length-of-stay in hospital (median 2.00, interquartile range 2.00 vs. median 10.50, interquartile range 15.25 days; P < 0.001). Three (3.7%) patients died. Pharmaceutical psychoactive drug intoxications were the most common poisoning cases; of these, diazepam was the most frequent (16.8%), followed by ethanol (9.0%) and alprazolam (7.8%). Benzodiazepines/hypnotics were the most common group (28.7%), followed by antipsychotics (13.2%). Intoxications with more than 1 poison accounted for the largest number of cases (67.9%). The number of toxins was significantly correlated with length-of-stay in the hospital (rho = −0.265; P = 0.008), systolic blood pressure (rho = −0.318; P = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure (rho = −0.262; P = 0.009). The electrocardiogram was considered abnormal in 50.62% of the cases. Conclusion Acute intoxicants were most commonly caused by psychiatric pharmaceutical drugs. Multidrug exposure was a typical pattern of acute intoxication.