Preoperative prognostic nutritional index as a method to predict postoperative complications after major head and neck surgery with free tissue transfer reconstruction

Abstract

Abstract Background Head and neck (H&N) cancer patients are often malnourished and have diminished immunity. H&N surgery with free tissue transfer reconstruction (HNS-FTTR) is associated with a relatively high incidence of postoperative complications. Methods Associations between possible risk factors and postoperative Clavien–Dindo (C–D) grades ≥ II and ≥ IIIa wound healing- or infection-related complications, postoperative overall complications and prolonged hospital stay were investigated in 188 patients who underwent HNS-FTTR during 2014–2018. The preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was calculated using the serum albumin level and total lymphocyte count. Results C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa complications were seen in 66 (35.1%) and 37 (19.7%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that (i) previous irradiation was significantly associated with C–D ≥ II wound healing- or infection-related complications and prolonged hospital stays [odds ratio (OR) 3.096 and 3.328; P = 0.007 and 0.008, respectively]; and (ii) operation time of ≥9 h 20 min was a significant risk factor for C–D ≥ IIIa wound healing- or infection-related complications, and C–D ≥ IIIa overall complications (OR 2.987 and 2.257; P = 0.021 and 0.047, respectively). (3) Only preoperative PNI ≤ 40 was associated with all occurrences of C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa wound healing- or infection-related complications, C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa overall complications, and prolonged hospital stays (OR 3.078, 2.918, 2.627, 3.132 and 3.116; P = 0.020, 0.046, 0.036, 0.023 and 0.025, respectively). Conclusions PNI, easily calculated, was the lone risk factor significantly predicting all C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa postoperative wound healing- or infection-related complications, C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa postoperative overall complications and prolonged hospital stay after HNS-FTTR.