Preoperative Nutritional Laboratory Values, Demographics, and Wound Healing Following Facial Trauma Surgery: Which Variables Predict Postoperative Complications?

Abstract

In individuals who have sustained maxillofacial trauma, inadequate nutrition is often a sequela and may lead to complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative laboratory values and postoperative complications in patients with maxillofacial trauma requiring surgical intervention. A retrospective cohort study of patients with maxillofacial trauma requiring surgical repair from 2014 to 2020 was performed at a single academic Level I Trauma Center. The primary predictor variables were preoperative laboratory values including serum albumin, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count. Complications related to surgical reconstruction of facial injuries represented the primary outcome variable. The patient cohort included 152 patients, of whom 50 (32.9%) were female. When controlling for all other variables, female gender (odds ratio=2.08, 95% confidence interval, 1.02–4.21; P=0.04) and number of procedures performed (P=0.02) were the only statistically significant predictors of postoperative complications. There were no significant differences between the complication groups for age (P=0.89), injury severity score (P=0.59), hospital length of stay (P=0.30), serum albumin (P=0.86), hemoglobin (P=0.06), white blood cell count (P=0.20), absolute neutrophil count (P=0.95), lymphocyte count (P=0.23), or absolute neutrophil/lymphocyte count ratio (P=0.09). In this study, it was found that only gender and the number of procedures performed significantly predicted postoperative complications, while preoperative nutritional laboratory values did not. Further study with a larger cohort of patients is likely required.