1. Department of Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
2. Center for the Analysis of Public Policies (CAPP), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
3. Department of Economics and Business, University of Padova, via del Santo, 33, Padova, Italy
4. Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
5. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit B6 - Digital Economy, Seville, Spain