Can dietary magnesium sources and buffer change the ruminal microbiota composition and fermentation of lactating dairy cows?

Author:

Lobo Richard R1,Arce-Cordero Jose A12ORCID,Agustinho Bruna C3,Ravelo Ana D14,Vinyard James R1ORCID,Johnson Mikayla L1,Monteiro Hugo F15,Sarmikasoglou Efstathios1,Roesch Luiz Fernando W6,Jeong Kwang Cheol C17,Faciola Antonio P1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32608 , USA

2. Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica , San Jose 11501-2060 , Costa Rica

3. Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho , Moscow, ID 83844 , USA

4. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota , St Paul, MN 55108 , USA

5. Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis , CA 95616 , USA

6. Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32608 , USA

7. Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611 , USA

Abstract

Abstract Magnesium oxide (MgO) is one of the most used Mg supplements in livestock. However, to avoid relying upon only one Mg source, it is important to have alternative Mg sources. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the interaction of two Mg sources with buffer use on the ruminal microbiota composition, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. Twenty lactating Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk into five blocks with four cows each, in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Within blocks, cows were assigned to one of four treatments: 1) MgO; 2) MgO + Na sesquicarbonate (MgO+); 3) calcium–magnesium hydroxide (CaMgOH); 4) CaMgOH + Na sesquicarbonate (CaMgOH+). For 60 d, cows were individually fed a corn silage-based diet, and treatments were top-dressed. Ruminal fluid was collected via an orogastric tube, for analyses of the microbiota composition, volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N). The microbiota composition was analyzed using V4/16S rRNA gene sequencing, and taxonomy was assigned using the Silva database. Statistical analysis was carried out following the procedures of block design analysis, where block and cow were considered random variables. Effects of Mg source, buffer, and the interaction between Mg Source × Buffer were analyzed through orthogonal contrasts. There was no interaction effect of the two factors evaluated. There was a greater concentration of NH3–N, lactate, and butyrate in the ruminal fluid of cows fed with CaMg(OH)2, regardless of the buffer use. The increase in these fermentation intermediates/ end-products can be explained by an increase in abundance of micro-organisms of the genus Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Butyrivibrio, which are micro-organisms mainly responsible for proteolysis, lactate-production, and butyrate-production in the rumen, respectively. Also, dietary buffer use did not affect the ruminal fermentation metabolites and pH; however, an improvement of the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral fiber detergent (NDF), and acid fiber detergent (ADF) were found for animals fed with dietary buffer. In summary, there was no interaction effect of buffer use and Mg source, whereas buffer improved total tract apparent digestibility of DM and OM through an increase in NDF and ADF digestibility and CaMg(OH)2 increased ruminal concentration of butyrate and abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics,Animal Science and Zoology,General Medicine,Food Science

Reference66 articles.

1. Effects of replacing magnesium oxide with calcium-magnesium carbonate with or without sodium bicarbonate on ruminal fermentation and nutrient flow in vitro;Agustinho;J. Dairy Sci,2022

2. Effects of calcium-magnesium carbonate and calcium-magnesium hydroxide as supplemental sources of magnesium on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture;Arce-Cordero;Transl. Anim. Sci,2021

3. Effects of supplemental source of magnesium and inclusion of buffer on ruminal microbial fermentation in continuous culture;Arce-Cordero;J. Dairy Sci,2021

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