Implementation of integrated ecosystem assessments in the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea—conceptualizations, practice, and progress

Author:

Clay Patricia M1ORCID,Ferretti Johanna2,Bailey Jennifer L3,Goti Leyre4,Dankel Dorothy J5ORCID,Santurtun Marina6,Fuller Jessica5ORCID,Linke Sebastian7ORCID,Schmidt Jörn8,Nielsen Kåre Nolde9ORCID,Goldsborough David10ORCID,Groeneveld Rolf11,Fraga Ana Rita12,Elegbede Isa13,Röckmann Christine14

Affiliation:

1. NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, c/o NOAA Office of Science and Technology , 1315 East-West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20190 , USA

2. Thünen Institute for Baltic Sea Fisheries , Rostock 18069 , Germany

3. Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, 7491 , Norway

4. Thünen Institute for Fisheries Ecology , Bremerhaven 27572 , Germany

5. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen , Bergen 5008 , Norway

6. Azti—Tecnalia, Marine Research Division , AZTI-BRTA, Sukarrieta, 48395 , Spain

7. School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 41314 , Sweden

8. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea , Copenhagen 1553 , Denmark

9. The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø , Tromsø N-9037 , Norway

10. Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Coastal and Marine Management , 8901 VB, Leeuwarden , The Netherlands

11. Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6706 KN , The Netherlands

12. Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra , 3004-512, Coimbra , Portugal

13. Chair of Environmental Planning, Brandenburg University of Technology , 03046 Cottbus , Germany

14. Wageningen Economic Research , 2595 BM, Den Haag , The Netherlands

Abstract

Abstract With increasing activities of multiple sectors in marine spaces, management of marine social–ecological systems requires more holistic approaches. Adopting such an approach, however, presents difficult institutional and disciplinary challenges. Here, we use the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) as a case study on the implementation of ecosystem-based management (EBM) and integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs). ICES includes EBM and IEAs in its Science Priorities and established IEA Working Groups (WGs) to carry out regional IEAs. But to what degree does this IEA WG work follow best practices? We examine policy documents, academic literature, and interview data from chairs of all IEA WGs. Results indicate mixed success. All groups acknowledge the holistic goals of IEA, and many use the IEA model as laid out by Levin et al. However, we found a significant variation in the degree to which the full model is applied. We identified two primary areas for improvement: (1) integration of social and economic issues and (2) involvement of stakeholders. We offer examples of how WGs have been making progress towards full IEAs, discuss how ICES can further support this transition, and suggest lessons with respect to the adoption of EBM and IEAs more broadly.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Oceanography

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