Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Emergency Department, Urgent Care, and Hospitalization Encounters Among US Adults, 2022

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Emergency Department, Urgent Care, and Hospitalization Encounters Among US Adults, 2022–2023

Published:2023-12-02 Issue: Volume: Page:
ISSN:0022-1899
Container-title:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Tenforde Mark W¹^ORCID,Weber Zachary A²,Yang Duck-Hye²,DeSilva Malini B³^ORCID,Dascomb Kristin⁴,Irving Stephanie A⁵,Naleway Allison L⁵,Gaglani Manjusha⁶⁷^ORCID,Fireman Bruce⁸,Lewis Ned⁸,Zerbo Ousseny⁸^ORCID,Goddard Kristin⁸,Timbol Julius⁸,Hansen John R⁸^ORCID,Grisel Nancy⁴,Arndorfer Julie⁴,McEvoy Charlene E³,Essien Inih J³,Rao Suchitra⁹^ORCID,Grannis Shaun J¹⁰¹¹^ORCID,Kharbanda Anupam B¹²,Natarajan Karthik¹³¹⁴^ORCID,Ong Toan C⁹,Embi Peter J¹⁵,Ball Sarah W²,Dunne Margaret M²,Kirshner Lindsey²,Wiegand Ryan E¹⁶,Dickerson Monica¹,Patel Palak¹^ORCID,Ray Caitlin¹,Flannery Brendan¹,Garg Shikha¹^ORCID,Adams Katherine¹^ORCID,Klein Nicola P⁸

Affiliation:

1. Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia

2. Department of Clinical Resarch, Westat , Rockville, Maryland

3. Department of Research, HealthPartners Institute , Minneapolis, Minnesota

4. Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare , Salt Lake City, Utah

5. Department of Science Programs, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research , Portland, Oregon

6. Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health and Baylor College of Medicine , Temple, Texas

7. Department of Medical Education, Texas A&M University College of Medicine , Temple, Texas

8. Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research , Oakland, California

9. Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado

10. Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute , Indianapolis, Indiana

11. School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana

12. Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota

13. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center , New York, New York

14. Medical Informatics Services, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York

15. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee

16. Coronavirus and other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia

Abstract

Abstract Background The 2022–2023 United States influenza season had unusually early influenza activity with high hospitalization rates. Vaccine-matched A(H3N2) viruses predominated, with lower levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 activity also observed. Methods Using the test-negative design, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2022–2023 season against influenza A–associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and hospitalizations from October 2022 to March 2023 among adults (aged ≥18 years) with acute respiratory illness (ARI). VE was estimated by comparing odds of seasonal influenza vaccination among case-patients (influenza A test positive by molecular assay) and controls (influenza test negative), applying inverse-propensity-to-be-vaccinated weights. Results The analysis included 85 389 ED/UC ARI encounters (17.0% influenza A positive; 37.8% vaccinated overall) and 19 751 hospitalizations (9.5% influenza A positive; 52.8% vaccinated overall). VE against influenza A–associated ED/UC encounters was 44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40%–47%) overall and 45% and 41% among adults aged 18–64 and ≥65 years, respectively. VE against influenza A–associated hospitalizations was 35% (95% CI, 27%–43%) overall and 23% and 41% among adults aged 18–64 and ≥65 years, respectively. Conclusions VE was moderate during the 2022–2023 influenza season, a season characterized with increased burden of influenza and co-circulation with other respiratory viruses. Vaccination is likely to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality, and strain on healthcare resources.

Funder

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy

Link

https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad542/54903305/jiad542.pdf

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