Limited Humoral and Specific T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in PWH With Poor Immune Reconstitution

Author:

Benet Susana1,Blanch-Lombarte Oscar2,Ainsua-Enrich Erola2,Pedreño-Lopez Núria2,Muñoz-Basagoiti Jordana2,Raïch-Regué Dàlia2,Perez-Zsolt Daniel2,Peña Ruth2,Jiménez Esther2,de la Concepción María Luisa Rodríguez2,Ávila Carlos2,Cedeño Samandhy2,Escribà Tuixent2,Romero-Martín Luis2,Alarcón-Soto Yovaninna1,Rodriguez-Lozano Gabriel Felipe2,Miranda Cristina1,González Sandra1,Bailón Lucía13,Blanco Julià2456,Massanella Marta26ORCID,Brander Christian2567,Clotet Bonaventura1245,Paredes Roger12456,Esteve María83,Izquierdo-Useros Nuria246,Carrillo Jorge246,Prado Julia G246,Moltó José16,Mothe Beatriz1256ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol , Badalona , Spain

2. IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol , Badalona , Spain

3. Autonomous University , Barcelona , Spain

4. Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute , Badalona , Spain

5. Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia , Vic , Spain

6. CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain

7. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies , Barcelona , Spain

8. Preventive Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol , Badalona , Spain

Abstract

Abstract Background We analyzed humoral and cellular immune responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) who had CD4+ T-cell counts <200/µL (HIV<200 group). Methods This prospective cohort study included 58 PWH in the HIV<200 group, 36 with CD4+ T-cell counts >500/µL (HIV>500 group), and 33 HIV-1–negative controls (control group). Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S immunoglobulin [Ig] G) and the receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD IgG) were quantified before and 4 weeks after the first and the second doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (at week 8). Viral neutralization activity and T-cell responses were also determined. Results At week 8, anti-S/anti-RBD IgG responses increased in all groups (P < .001). Median (interquartile range) anti-S and anti-RBD IgG levels at week 8 were 153.6 (26.4–654.9) and 171.9 (61.8–425.8) binding antibody units (BAU)/mL, respectively, in the HIV<200 group, compared with 245.6 (145–824) and 555.8 (166.4–1751) BAU/mL in the HIV>500 group and 274.7 (193.7–680.4) and 281.6 (181–831.8) BAU/mL in controls (P < .05). Neutralizing capacity and specific T-cell immune responses were absent or reduced in 33% of those in the HIV<200 group, compared with 3.7% in the HIV>500 group (P < .01). Conclusions One-third of PWH with CD4+ T-cell counts <200/µL show low anti-S/anti-RBD IgG levels, reduced in vitro neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2, and no vaccine-induced T cells after receiving coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccines.

Funder

CIBER—Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea—NextGenerationEU

Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation

YoMeCorono

BonPreu/Esclat and Correos

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

National Health Institute Carlos III

Catalan Government and the European Social Fund

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology and Allergy

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