The structural connectome in ADHD

Author:

Bu Xuan123,Cao Miao45,Huang Xiaoqi6ORCID,He Yong1237

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

3. IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

4. Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

5. Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China

6. Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China

7. Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China

Abstract

Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been conceptualized as a brain dysconnectivity disorder. In the past decade, noninvasive diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) studies have demonstrated that individuals with ADHD have alterations in the white matter structural connectome, and that these alterations are associated with core symptoms and cognitive deficits in patients. This review aims to summarize recent dMRI-based structural connectome studies in ADHD from voxel-, tractography-, and network-based perspectives. Voxel- and tractography-based studies have demonstrated disrupted microstructural properties predominantly located in the frontostriatal tracts, the corpus callosum, the corticospinal tracts, and the cingulum bundle in patients with ADHD. Network-based studies have suggested abnormal global and local efficiency as well as nodal properties in the prefrontal and parietal regions in the ADHD structural connectomes. The altered structural connectomes in those with ADHD provide significant signatures for prediction of symptoms and diagnostic classification. These studies suggest that abnormalities in the structural connectome may be one of the neural underpinnings of ADHD psychopathology and show potential for establishing imaging biomarkers in clinical evaluation. However, given that there are inconsistent findings across studies due to sample heterogeneity and analysis method variations, these ADHD-related white matter alterations are still far from informing clinical practice. Future studies with larger and more homogeneous samples are needed to validate the consistency of current results; advanced dMRI techniques can help to generate much more precise estimation of white matter pathways and assure specific fiber configurations; and finally, dimensional analysis frameworks can deepen our understanding of the neurobiology underlying ADHD.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Changjiang Scholar Professorship Award

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Medicine

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