Black Soldier Fly Larvae Rearrange under Compression

Author:

Shishkov Olga1,Trebuchon Joshua2,Yunker Peter J2,Franklin Scott3,Hu David L14

Affiliation:

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

2. School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

3. School of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA

4. School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

Abstract

Abstract Thousands of black soldier larvae hatch simultaneously from eggs laid within rotting vegetation or animal carcasses. Over the next few weeks, they grow while compressed by both their surroundings and each other. When compressed, these larvae rearrange to reduce the forces upon them. How quickly can larvae rearrange, and what final state do they choose? In this experimental study, we use a universal testing machine to conduct creep tests on larvae, squeezing them to set volume fractions and measuring the time course of their reaction force. Live larvae come to equilibrium at a rate 10 times faster than dead larvae, indicating that their small movements can rearrange them faster than just settling. The relaxation of dead larvae is well described by stretched exponentials, which also characterize hierarchical self-avoiding materials such as polymers or balls of crumpled aluminum foil. The equilibrium pressures of live larvae are comparable to those of dead larvae, suggesting that such pressures are dictated by the physics of their bodies rather than their behavior. Live larvae perform fluctuations to actively maintain this equilibrium pressure. This ability to survive large pressures might have applications in the larvae-rearing industry, where both live and dead larvae are packed in containers for shipping.

Funder

Georgia Research Alliance

US Army Research Laboratory

US Army Research Office Mechanical Sciences Division

Complex Dynamics and Systems Program

Adaptation and Evolution of Biological Materials

Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2019

Society for Integrative and Comparative divisions

DCB

DCPB

DEE

DIZ

DVM

American Microscopy Society

Company of Biologists

Bioinspiration and Biomimetics

Micro Photonics Inc.

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Animal Science and Zoology

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