Associations Between Smoking Status and Physical and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life Among Individuals With Mobility Impairments

Abstract

Abstract Background In the general population, quitting smoking is associated with improved health-related quality of life (QoL), but this association has not been examined in smokers with chronic mobility impairments (MIs). Purpose We examined associations between smoking status and health-related QoL over 6 months, and whether relationships are moderated by depression and MI severity. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a smoking cessation induction trial among smokers with MIs (n = 241, 56% female, 36% Black) assessed at baseline, and 4 and 6 months after. Participants were grouped into “Smokers” (smoking at 4 and 6 months), “Abstainers” (quit at 4 and 6 months), “Relapsers” (relapsed at 6 months), and “Late-quitters” (quit at 6 months). Physical and mental health-related QoL was assessed with the Short-Form Health Survey. Depression was defined as scores ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire, and MI severity by the use of skilled care for personal needs. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models. Results Aggregating across time, among nondepressed participants, compared with “Smokers,” the “Abstainer,” and “Late-quitter” groups improved their physical health scores. “Late-quitters” also improved compared with “Relapsers.” Among the total sample, compared with “Smokers,” “Abstainers” showed improvements in mental health scores overtime, whereas “Relapsers” improved their score at 4 months, and “Late-quitters” improved at 6 months. Conclusions Quitting smoking is associated with improvements in physical health-related QoL regardless of the severity of MI but only among those without depression at baseline. For mental health-related QoL, associations with quitting smoking were independent of baseline depression and severity of MI.