Different nitrogen acquirement and utilization strategies might determine the ecological competition between ferns and angiosperms

Author:

Zhang Chengming12,Zhang Chaoqun2,Azuma Takayuki3,Maruyama Hayato2,Shinano Takuro2,Watanabe Toshihiro2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University , Haike Road-99 East Section, Chengdu, 611130 , China

2. Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University , Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kitaku, Sapporo, 0608589 , Japan

3. Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Botanic Garden, Hokkaido University , Kita-3, Nishi-8, Chuoku, Sapporo, 0600003 , Japan

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims The abundance or decline of fern populations in response to environmental change has been found to be largely dependent on specific physiological properties that distinguish ferns from angiosperms. Many studies have focused on water use efficiency and stomatal behaviours, but the effects of nutrition acquirement and utilization strategies on niche competition between ferns and flowering plants are rarely reported. Methods We collected 34 ferns and 42 angiosperms from the Botanic Garden of Hokkaido University for nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), NO3− and SO42− analysis. We then used a hydroponic system to compare the different N and S utilization strategies between ferns and angiosperms under N deficiency conditions. Key Results Ferns had a significantly higher NO3−-N concentration and NO3−-N/N ratio than angiosperms, although the total N concentration in ferns was remarkably lower than that in the angiosperms. Meanwhile, a positive correlation between N and S was found, indicating that nutrient concentration is involved in assimilation. Pteris cretica, a fern species subjected to further study, maintained a slow growth rate and lower N requirement in response to low N stress, while both the biomass and N concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum) responded quickly to N deficiency conditions. Conclusions The different nutritional strategies employed by ferns and angiosperms depended mainly on the effects of phylogenetic and evolutionary diversity. Ferns tend to adopt an opportunistic strategy of limiting growth rate to reduce N demand and store more pooled nitrate, whereas angiosperms probably utilize N nutrition to ensure as much development as possible under low N stress. Identifying the effects of mineral nutrition on the evolutionary results of ecological competition between plant species remains a challenge.

Funder

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Chengdu Normal University

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science

Reference53 articles.

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3. Stoichiometry of ferns in Hawaii: implications for nutrient cycling;Amatangelo;Oecologia,2008

4. Multiple mechanisms of nitrate sensing by Arabidopsis nitrate transceptor NRT1.1;Bouguyon;Nature Plants,2015

5. Nitrate controls root development through posttranscriptional regulation of the NRT1.1/NPF6.3 transporter/sensor;Bouguyon;Plant Physiology,2016

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