Although a variety of memory changes accompany old age, an important question is the degree to which older adults are aware of these changes, and how older adults may or may not accurately monitor their own memory. Monitoring refers to the ability to assess how well one will remember certain information at a later time. In some cases, older adults may be overconfident about memory performance, whereas, in other situations, older adults may be highly aware of their memory abilities and demonstrate appropriate predictions and insight. This chapter will provide an overview of current research regarding this topic to shed light on the degree to which metacognitive monitoring may be intact in older adults. We discuss why this has implications for how older adults can use strategies to selectively remember important information, as well as future directions for metacognitive aging research.