1. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado—Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado, USA
2. School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California-Davis , Davis, California, USA
3. Office of Population Health and Accountable Care, University of California Davis Health , Sacramento, California, USA
4. Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
5. Section of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut, USA
6. Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, California, USA
7. Division of General Internal Medicine-Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, California, USA
8. Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, California, USA